THE USE OF DATA COMMUNICATION

PROTOCOLS IN REAL TIME SYSTEMS

GROUP 2
ETE 2
GROUP MEMBERS
STUDENT’S NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER
KISAKA OMARI AMIRI 2106407210072
ANGELINA MWIHAVA 210640719750
RACHEL LUFUNGA 210640718941
DENIS KAVISHE 210640728916
MICHAEL SOLLI 210640729393
RACHEL MAHAJA 210640719642
KALEBO NASHON 210640729484
NEEMA MALLYA 2106407111189
Introduction: Optimizing Real-Time Communication in Data Transmission

• Real-time communication is a critical aspect of modern systems,

ensuring that data is transmitted instantaneously or with minimal
delay.
• This is particularly essential in scenarios where timely information
exchange is crucial.
• In the realm of data transmission, the efficiency and reliability of real-
time communication play a pivotal role in determining the success of
various applications and systems.
Introduction: Optimizing Real-Time Communication in Data Transmission
Importance Across Network Types:

1. Local Area Network (LAN):

• Localized networks, such as LANs, facilitate high-speed
communication within a confined geographic area.
• Real-time communication in LANs is fundamental for applications
like video conferencing, online gaming, and collaborative work
environments.
Introduction: Optimizing Real-Time Communication in Data Transmission
Importance Across Network Types:

2. Wide Area Network (WAN):

• WANs cover larger geographical areas and are integral for connecting
entities across distances.
• Real-time communication in WANs is vital for applications like
distributed databases, financial transactions, and remote monitoring.
Introduction: Optimizing Real-Time Communication in Data Transmission
Importance Across Network Types:

3. Wireless Networks:
• Wireless networks, relying on radio waves or infrared signals, provide
flexibility and mobility.
• Real-time communication in wireless networks is indispensable for
mobile applications, location-based services, and IoT devices.
Introduction: Optimizing Real-Time Communication in Data Transmission
Importance Across Network Types:

4. Satellite Networks:
• Satellite networks enable global communication, making them
essential for real-time applications that require connectivity across
continents.
• This includes scenarios like global navigation systems and disaster
response coordination.
Introduction: Optimizing Real-Time Communication in Data Transmission
Why optimized communication?

The Need for Optimized Communication:

• Real-time communication is not just about speed but also about
ensuring the integrity and reliability of the transmitted data. Whether
it's a critical financial transaction, a medical monitoring system, or a
real-time control system, the optimization of communication protocols
is paramount.
Communication Models: Understanding Interaction in Real-Time Systems

• Communication models define the structure and dynamics of how

entities exchange information within a system. In the realm of real-
time systems, where timely and accurate data transmission is
paramount, the choice of communication model significantly
influences the overall effectiveness of the system.
Communication Models: Understanding Interaction in Real-Time Systems
Types of the communication models

1. Client-Server Model:
• In the client-server model, communication revolves around a central
server and multiple client devices. The server acts as a hub, managing
resources and responding to requests from clients.
• Key Characteristics:
• Centralized Control: The server holds authority, managing and coordinating
communication.
• Resource Allocation: Clients request services or data from the server, which
allocates resources accordingly.
• Applications: Well-suited for scenarios where centralized control is
beneficial, such as in web applications, databases, and enterprise
systems.
Communication Models: Understanding Interaction in Real-Time Systems
Types of the communication models

2. Peer-to-Peer Model:
• The peer-to-peer model emphasizes direct communication between
individual nodes without a central server. Each node in the network
can act both as a client and a server.
• Key Characteristics:
• Decentralized: No central authority; each node has equal status in the
network.
• Direct Interaction: Nodes communicate directly with each other, sharing
resources or information.
• Applications: Effective for distributed systems where nodes
collaborate without relying on a central entity. Commonly used in file-
sharing applications, online gaming, and collaborative platforms.
Communication Models: Understanding Interaction in Real-Time Systems
Types of the communication models

3. Hybrid Models:
• Some systems may employ a combination of client-server and peer-to-
peer elements to leverage the benefits of both models.
• Example: Online multiplayer games may use a client-server model for
overall game management and a peer-to-peer model for direct player
interactions.
Communication Models: Understanding Interaction in Real-Time Systems
Communication Model Considerations in real time systems;

• Latency: Real-time systems demand low latency, and the choice of

communication model impacts how quickly data can be transmitted
and processed.
• Scalability: The ability to scale the system efficiently is crucial,
especially in applications with varying loads and user numbers.
• Fault Tolerance: Consideration of how the model handles failures and
ensures continued operation in the face of challenges.
Communication Protocols: Enabling Reliable Real-Time Data Exchange

• Communication protocols are sets of rules and conventions that

govern how data is transmitted and received between devices in a
network.
• In the context of real-time systems, selecting appropriate
communication protocols is crucial to ensure the timely and reliable
exchange of data.
Communication Protocols: Enabling Reliable Real-Time Data Exchange
Key communication protocols relevant to real time applications

1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

• Description:
• TCP is a connection-oriented protocol that ensures reliable and ordered
delivery of data.
• It establishes a connection between sender and receiver before data
transmission, guaranteeing that data is received in the correct order without
loss.
• Use Cases:
• Well-suited for applications where data integrity is critical, such as file
transfer and web applications.
• Not ideal for real-time systems with stringent timing requirements due to
potential latency.
Communication Protocols: Enabling Reliable Real-Time Data Exchange
Key communication protocols relevant to real time applications

2. User Datagram Protocol (UDP):

• Description:
• UDP is a connectionless protocol that offers faster data transmission but does
not guarantee reliability or ordering.
• It is more lightweight than TCP, making it suitable for real-time applications
where low latency is prioritized over data integrity.
• Use Cases:
• Commonly used in real-time multimedia streaming, online gaming, and
applications where a small amount of lost data is acceptable.
Communication Protocols: Enabling Reliable Real-Time Data Exchange
Key communication protocols relevant to real time applications

3. Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP):

• Description:
• RTP is specifically designed for real-time communication of audio and video
data.
• It provides mechanisms for time-stamping and sequencing to ensure
synchronization and proper playback of multimedia streams.
• Use Cases:
• Widely employed in video conferencing, live streaming, and VoIP (Voice over
Internet Protocol) applications.
Communication Protocols: Enabling Reliable Real-Time Data Exchange
Key communication protocols relevant to real time applications

4. Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT):

• Description:
• MQTT is a lightweight, publish-subscribe messaging protocol designed for
low-bandwidth, high-latency, or unreliable networks.
• It is commonly used in IoT (Internet of Things) applications for real-time data
exchange between devices.
• Use Cases:
• IoT applications, smart home devices, and situations where minimizing
network overhead is essential.
Communication Protocols: Enabling Reliable Real-Time Data Exchange
Key communication protocols relevant to real time applications

5. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP):

• Description:
• AMQP is a messaging protocol that supports the exchange of messages
between applications in a reliable and scalable manner.
• It is often used in scenarios where complex queuing and message routing are
required.
• Use Cases:
• Enterprise messaging systems, financial services, and applications with high
messaging traffic.
Communication Protocols: Enabling Reliable Real-Time Data Exchange
Key consideration in Protocol Selection

• Latency and Throughput: Evaluate the trade-off between low-

latency requirements and the amount of data that needs to be
transmitted.
• Reliability: Choose protocols based on the importance of data
integrity and the tolerance for potential loss.
• Scalability: Consider the ability of the protocol to scale with
increasing network demands.
4. Data Acquisition and Distribution for Real-Time Systems

Efficient data acquisition and distribution are fundamental components

of real-time systems, ensuring that information is collected, processed,
and disseminated in a timely and accurate manner.
4. Data Acquisition and Distribution for Real-Time Systems
Lets explore these processes;

1. Data Acquisition:
• Definition:
• Data acquisition involves the process of collecting information from various
sources, such as sensors, devices, or external systems.
• Timing and Precision:
• In real-time systems, timing is critical. Sensors must capture data at precise
intervals to maintain the system's responsiveness.
• Specialized Hardware:
• Employing specialized hardware, such as high-frequency sensors or data
acquisition cards, enhances the accuracy and speed of data collection.
• Examples:
• In industrial automation, data acquisition may involve gathering sensor readings
for temperature, pressure, or machine status in real-time.
4. Data Acquisition and Distribution for Real-Time Systems
Lets explore these processes;

2. Data Distribution:
• Definition:
• Data distribution focuses on the timely delivery of acquired information to the
intended recipients or subsystems within the system.
• Multicast and Broadcast:
• Use multicast or broadcast mechanisms to efficiently distribute data to multiple
recipients simultaneously.
• Prioritization:
• Prioritize data streams based on their importance and criticality to ensure that
high-priority information is delivered promptly.
• Examples:
• In a smart grid system, real-time data distribution ensures that electricity
consumption data reaches control centers promptly, enabling timely adjustments
and optimizations.
4. Data Acquisition and Distribution for Real-Time Systems
Lets explore these processes;

3. Challenges and Solutions:

• Network Congestion:
• Mitigate network congestion by optimizing data distribution strategies,
implementing efficient routing algorithms, and using quality of service (QoS)
mechanisms.
• Security Concerns:
• Implement secure data transmission protocols to protect sensitive information
during distribution.
• Use encryption and authentication mechanisms to ensure the integrity and
confidentiality of the data.
4. Data Acquisition and Distribution for Real-Time Systems
Lets explore these processes;

4. Integration with Communication Protocols:

• Alignment with Protocols:
• Ensure that data acquisition and distribution mechanisms align seamlessly
with the chosen communication protocols (e.g., TCP, UDP, or specialized
protocols like MQTT or AMQP).
• Synchronization:
• Synchronize data acquisition and distribution processes to maintain coherence
in the real-time system.
4. Data Acquisition and Distribution for Real-Time Systems
Lets explore these processes;

5. Real-Time Applications:
• Healthcare Monitoring:
• Continuous monitoring of vital signs and patient data in real-time, with rapid
distribution to healthcare professionals for immediate intervention.
• Financial Trading Systems:
• Instantaneous acquisition and distribution of market data to trading platforms
to enable real-time decision-making in financial markets.
4. Data Acquisition and Distribution for Real-Time Systems
Lets explore these processes;

6. Continuous Optimization and Adaptation:

• As technology evolves, the landscape of real-time communication will
continue to shift. System architects must remain vigilant, adapting
strategies, and embracing emerging technologies to ensure that real-
time systems stay at the forefront of efficiency, reliability, and
innovation.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, orchestrating real-time excellence in data transmission is
a multifaceted endeavor.
By combining the right network architecture, communication models,
protocols, and data management strategies, we create a symphony of
connectivity that propels real-time systems into the realms of precision
and responsiveness.
As we navigate the dynamic landscape of technology, the journey
towards optimizing real-time communication remains an ongoing and
ever-evolving pursuit.