Development of the

Urinary System
Group 4
 Urinary System
• Also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys,
ureters, bladder, and the urethra.
• Removal of metabolic waste products such as uric acid, urea and creatinine.
• Maintain electrolyte, water and pH balance.
• Regulation of blood pressure, blood volume and erythropoiesis, and vitamin D
production.
Intermediate Mesoderm
-the basic foundation in
developing the Urinary
System
-known as the urogenital
ridge
Development of the Kidney
• The kidneys develop
originally as a pair of
structures located in the
cervical and thoracic region of
the developing embryo.
• The Human Kidney develops
in 3 successive stages
- PRONEPHROS
- MESONEPHROS
- METANEPHROS
• They are aligned adjacent to
Wolffian/Nephric Duct
 • Develops from the cranial most part
Pronephros of the Urogenital ridge

• It is transitory, non functional and

regresses completely by 5 weeks of
gestation.

• Analogous to Primitive Fish

 • develops caudally to the pronephros. It
starts to develop by the end of week 5.

• It consists of a series of tubules(mesanephric

tubules) that drain into the nephric duct, which
can be called the Mesonephric duct

• Transitionary Excretory organ(primitive

Mesonephros urinary system) for embryo until

metanephros takes over.
 But how does it become the primitive
urinary system?

• The mesonephric tubules start to elongate

until it forms the bowman's capsule by on its
end of it. They then connect to thglomerular
capillaries which from the aorta.
• The blood then enters the bowman's
capsule and and flows down the mesonephric
duct then it to the cloaca.
 Metanephros • third and final stage of
It appears in the 5th week of development and becomes
functional around the 12th week. Kidney Development
• it results from Reciprocal inductive signals
between the Metanephric Mesenchyme (MM)
and the Ureteric Bud (UB) at the caudal end
of the Urogenital bridge

• Ureteric Bud is an
outgrowth at the distal end
of the Wolffian duct
 Collecting System
• Initially penetrates the metanephric mesoderm
• derived from the to form an ampulla, and then undergoes
repeated branching to form the ureters, renal
ureteric bud pelvis, major calyces, minor calyces, and
collecting ducts.
 • Each collecting tubule from the collecting
system is covered by a metanephric tissue
cap which gives rise to the excretory
tubules.

• The end of each arched collecting tubules

Excretory System induces clusters of mesenchymal cell into to
metanephrogenic blastema to form the
• Nephron- the metanephric vesicles
kidney’s
functional units •These vesicles elongate to
form the metanephric tubules
• The proximal tubules of these are invaginated
by glomeruli
 Metanephros: Derivatives

•Metanephric diverticulum (uretric bud)

Gives rise to
•Ureter
•Drainage system (renal pelvis & calices)
•Collecting tubules
- Induce formation of metanephric vesicle
•Metanephric mass
Gives rise to the nephron
•Metanephric vesicle → metanephric tubule →
nephron
Position of
the
Kidneys
• The definitive kidney initially develops in the pelvic
region before ascending into the abdomen. In the pelvis,
the kidney receives its blood supply from a pelvic branch
of the abdominal aorta and as it ascends, new arteries
from the abdominal aorta supply the kidney. The pelvic
vessels usually regress, but can persist as accessory renal
arteries.
•At the beginning
- Kidneys are close to midline
-Located on pelvis anterior to sacrum
-Hilum faces ventrally
•With development of the embryo caudal to the kidneys, they have:
-Rostral position
-Move laterally
-Rotates medially
-Hilum faces medially
•Kidneys come to their adult position & orientation by the 9th week
-They contact the adrenal gland
Development of the Bladder
and Urethra
• The bladder and urethra of the
urinary system are ultimately
derived from the cloaca

• The cloaca is divided into two

parts by the uro-rectal septum:
 Development of the Urinary Bladder
• Cloaca divided by urorectal septum Most of the bladder develop from
• Rectum – dorsally the vesical part
• Urogenital sinus – ventrally Epithelium – endoderm
• Urogenital sinus parts
Other layers – splanchnic
• Vesical part – cranially
mesenchyme
• Pelvic part – middle
•
Trigone connective tissue develop
Phallic part – caudally
from mesonephric ducts
Bladder continuous with allantois
→ urachus → median umbilical
ligament
 Development of Ureters,
• Ureters separate from mesonephric ducts and open directly
into the bladder
• The repositioning of kidneys rostrally stretch the ureters
• Reposition superolaterally
• Have oblique bath within wall of bladder
• Distal part of mesonephric ducts move caudally to urethra &
become ejaculatory ducts
• In female they degenerate
 Development of the urethra

• Epithelium – endoderm
• Other layers – splanchnic mesenchyme
• In female – all develop from pelvic part of urogenital sinus
• In male
• Prostatic & membranous urethra – pelvic part
• Spongy urethra – phallic part
• Distal part (navicular fossa) ← glandular (urethral) plate ←
glans penis (ectoderm)
 Urinary Tract Anomalies
•Duplication of upper urinary tract (renal •Exstrophy of the bladder
pelvis or ureter)
•1/10000‐40000
•Division of uretric bud
•Renal agenesis
•Posterior wall of bladder is
1/1000 exposed
•Absence of uretric bud •Failure of fusion of inferior part
•Abnormal rotation of anterior abdominal wall
•Hilum faces anterior, lateral or posterior •Urachus anomalies
•Horseshoe kidney •Cyst, sinus, vesicoumbilical
•1/500 fistula
•Kidney fusion
•Stay low(below inferior mesenteric a.)
•Congenital polycystic diseaseDuplication
Thank You!
Group 4