TYPES OF ANEMIA AND ITS

- PRESENTED
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL
MIASMATIC CORRELATION BY DR. SHIKHA
DEFINITION
BLOOD DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY THE
REDUCTION IN :

1. Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count

2. Haemoglobin Content
3. Packed Cell Volume (PCV)
ETIOLOGY
1. Decreased Production of RBC
2. Increased Destruction of RBC
3. Excess Loss of Blood from the Body
PHYSIOLOGIC REGULATION
OF RED CELL PRODUCTION
BY TISSUE OXYGEN TENSION
CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA

MORPHOLOGICAL

ETIOLOGICAL

FUNCTIONAL
MORPHOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATION
1. NORMOCYTIC NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIA :-
MCV & MCHC – Normal
RBC - Less

2. MACROCYTIC NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIA :-

MCV – Large
MCHC – Normal
RBC - Less
3. MACROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA :-
MCV – Large
MCHC – Less

4. MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA :-

MCV – Small
MCHC - Less
ETIOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATION
Nutrition
Hemorrhagic Hemolytic
Deficiency
Anemia Anemia
Anemia

Anemia of
Aplastic
Chronic
Anemia
Diseases
 FUNCTIONAL
CLASSIFICATION
1. Marrow Production 2. Red Cell Maturation
3. Decreased Red cell
Defects Defects
Survival ( Blood Loss/
(Hypoproliferation) (Ineffective
Hemolysis)
Erythropoeisis)
• Low Reticulocyte • Slight to • Increase in
Production index moderately Reticulocyte
• Little or change in elevated Production Index
red cell Reticulocyte to atleast 3 times
morphology Production index normal
• Macrocytic or • Red cell indices
Microcytic Red are typically
cell Indices Normocytic
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY
ANEMIA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Deficiency of nutritive substances necessary for erythropoiesis or
inability to assimilate them from the food.
• Maximum of functional upset with Minimum of Pathology
(except Pernicious anemia)
• Correction in the Diet Corrects the anemia
MIASM

?
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Deficiency of Folic Acid
• Immature RBCs  Larger in size
• Structurally Reversible Pathology
MIASM

?
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – INTRINSIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
• Destruction of RBCs because of defective RBCs
• Production of unhealthy RBCs which are short lived and destroyed soon
• Often inherited and it includes sickle cell anemia and thalassemia
• Because of abnormal shape RBCs are more fragile and susceptible for
hemolysis.
• Destructruction and Structurally Irreversible Pathology
MIASM

?
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Atrophy of gastric mucosa because of auto immune destruction of parietal
cells.
• Decreased production of intrinsic factor and poor absorption of Vit. B12
• Destruction and atrophy
•Structurally irreversible pathology.
MIASM

?
APLASTIC ANEMIA
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Acellular or markedly hypocellular bone marrow results in pancytopenia.
• And there are no abnormal or leukemic cells in
marrow or blood.
MIASM

?
 TYPES OF ANEMIA CAUSES MIASM
HEMORRHAGIC ANEMIA 1. Acute loss of blood 1. Psora
2. Chronic loss of blood 2. Sycosis  Tubercular 
Syphilis
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA Extrinsic
1. Liver failure 1. Sycosis to Syphilis
2. Renal Disorder 2. Sycosis to Syphilis
3. Hypersplenism 3. Sycosis to Syphilis
4. Infections – Hepatitis, 4. Sycosis to Syphilis
Malaria, Septicemia
5. Autoimmune diseases – 5. Sycosis to Syphilis
rheumatoid arthritis and
ulcerative colitis
6. Drugs 6. Psora
7. Poisoning 7. Psora
8. Burns 8. Psora

Intrinsic
1. Hereditary Disorders 1. Syphilis
TYPES OF ANEMIA CAUSES MIASM
NUTRITIONAL 1. Iron Deficiencies
DEFICIENCES 2. Protein Deficiencies PSORA
3. Vitamin B12
Deficiencies
4. Folic acid Deficiencies
APLASTIC ANEMIA Bone Marrow Disorders SYPHILIS

ANEMIA OF CHRONIC 1. Non – infectious

DISEASES inflammatory diseases
2. Chronic infections – SYCOSIS 
Tuberculosis TUBERCULAR 
3. Chronic Renal failure SYPHILIS
4. Neoplastic Disorders