97pF 97pF

11pF 11pF
11pF 21pF
11pF 21pF

11pF 21pF
11pF 11pF
97pF 97pF

C=

C=
requirements
14pF , 12 sheets 170pF , Area 4x4.
14pF , 17 sheets 240pF , Area 4x4.

More than 220pF.

Minimum distance 0.2cm between the plates.
5cmx5cm
Water droplet size is 0.005cm.
Oil droplet size is 0.2mm = 0.02cm
7.4pF
7.4pF
7.4pF
37pF
7.4pF
7.4pF
const int OUT_PIN = A2;
const int IN_PIN = A3;
const float IN_STRAY_CAP_TO_GND = 24.48;
const float IN_CAP_TO_GND = IN_STRAY_CAP_TO_GND;
CAPACITANCE METER FOR 470 UF TO 18 PF CAPACITORS
const float R_PULLUP = 34.8;
const int MAX_ADC_VALUE = 1023;

void setup(){

https://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-make-an-arduino-capacitance-meter/
pinMode(OUT_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(IN_PIN, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop(){
pinMode(IN_PIN, INPUT);
digitalWrite(OUT_PIN, HIGH);
int val = analogRead(IN_PIN);
digitalWrite(OUT_PIN, LOW);

if (val < 1000){

pinMode(IN_PIN, OUTPUT);

float capacitance = (float)val * IN_CAP_TO_GND / (float)(MAX_ADC_VALUE - val);

Serial.print(F("Capacitance Value = "));

Serial.print(capacitance, 3);
Serial.print(F(" pF ("));
Serial.print(val);
Serial.println(F(") "));
}

else{
pinMode(IN_PIN, OUTPUT);
delay(1);
pinMode(OUT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
unsigned long u1 = micros();
unsigned long t;
int digVal;

do{
digVal = digitalRead(OUT_PIN);
unsigned long u2 = micros();
t = u2 > u1 ? u2 - u1 : u1 - u2;
} while ((digVal < 1) && (t < 400000L));

pinMode(OUT_PIN, INPUT);
val = analogRead(OUT_PIN);
digitalWrite(IN_PIN, HIGH);
int dischargeTime = (int)(t / 1000L) * 5;
delay(dischargeTime);
pinMode(OUT_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(OUT_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(IN_PIN, LOW);

float capacitance = -(float)t / R_PULLUP / log(1.0 - (float)val / (float)MAX_ADC_VALUE);

Serial.print(F("Capacitance Value = "));

if (capacitance > 1000.0){
Serial.print(capacitance / 1000.0, 2);
Serial.print(F(" uF"));
}
else{
Serial.print(capacitance, 2);
Serial.print(F(" nF"));
}

Serial.print(F(" ("));
Serial.print(digVal == 1 ? F("Normal") : F("HighVal"));
Serial.print(F(", t= "));
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print(F(" us, ADC= "));
Serial.print(val);
Serial.println(F(")"));
}
while (millis() % 1000 != 0);
}
 /Measuring from 0.000pF to 1000uF

https://www.jameco.com/Jameco/Products/ProdDS/2261010KitInstructions.pdf
 Range 1 pF to 1 nF
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3f,20,4); //sometimes the adress is not 0x3f. Change to 0x27 if it dosn't
work.

const int OUT_PIN = A2;

const int IN_PIN = A0;
const float IN_STRAY_CAP_TO_GND = 24.48;
const float IN_CAP_TO_GND = IN_STRAY_CAP_TO_GND;
const float R_PULLUP = 34.8;
const int MAX_ADC_VALUE = 1023; while ((digVal < 1) && (t < 400000L));
void setup()
pinMode(OUT_PIN, INPUT);
{
pinMode(OUT_PIN, OUTPUT);
val = analogRead(OUT_PIN);
pinMode(IN_PIN, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(IN_PIN, HIGH);
lcd.init(); int dischargeTime = (int)(t / 1000L) * 5;
lcd.backlight(); delay(dischargeTime);
} pinMode(OUT_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(OUT_PIN, LOW);
void loop()
digitalWrite(IN_PIN, LOW);
{
pinMode(IN_PIN, INPUT);
digitalWrite(OUT_PIN, HIGH); float capacitance = -(float)t / R_PULLUP / log(1.0 - (float)val / (float)MAX_ADC_VALUE);
int val = analogRead(IN_PIN);
digitalWrite(OUT_PIN, LOW); lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Scale: 1pF-1nF");
if (val < 1000)
{
if (capacitance > 1000.0)
pinMode(IN_PIN, OUTPUT);
{
float capacitance = (float)val * IN_CAP_TO_GND / (float)(MAX_ADC_VALUE - lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(capacitance / 1000.0, 2);
val); lcd.setCursor(14,1);
lcd.print("uF ");
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Scale: 1pF-1nF"); }
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(capacitance,3);
lcd.setCursor(14,1); else
lcd.print("pF"); {
} lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(capacitance);
else lcd.setCursor(14,1);
{ lcd.print("nF");
pinMode(IN_PIN, OUTPUT);
delay(1);
pinMode(OUT_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); }
unsigned long u1 = micros(); }
unsigned long t; while (micros() % 1000 != 0);
int digVal; }
do
{
digVal = digitalRead(OUT_PIN);
unsigned long u2 = micros();
t = u2 > u1 ? u2 - u1 : u1 - u2;
https://electronoobs.com/eng_arduino_tut10_1.php
}
 Effect of Temperature on Capacitance of Transformer Oil

Temperature (°C) Capacitance (pF)

89 103.92
87 103.94
85 103.98
82 104.12
81 104.16
79 104.19
75 104.28
67 104.43
63 104.41
48 104.47
42 104.52
36 104.78
 Temperature 24°C
Serial No. Capacitance (pF)
0.1ml
1 105.79
2 105.85
3 105.83
4 105.85
5 105.85

Temperature 60°C

Serial No. Capacitance (pF)

0.1ml
1 102.87
2 102.84
3 102.79
4 102.86
5 102.83
 Temperature 24°C
Serial No. Capacitance (pF)
0.2ml
1 106.75
2 106.76
3 106.77
4 106.75
5 106.82

Temperature 60°C

Serial No. Capacitance (pF)

0.2ml
1 105.1
2 105.12
3 105.39
4 105.4
5 105.35
 Temperature 24°C
Serial No. Capacitance (pF)
0.3ml
1 107.62
2 107.62
3 107.69
4 107.66
5 107.66

Temperature 60°C

Serial No. Capacitance (pF)

0.3ml
1 106.32
2 106.33
3 106.34
4 106.33
5 106.33
 Temperature 24°C
Serial No. Capacitance (pF)
0.5ml
1 109.2
2 109.2
3 109.21
4 109.21
5 109.21

Temperature 60°C

Serial No. Capacitance (pF)

0.5ml
1 107.85
2 107.86
3 107.87
4 107.86
5 107.82
 Temperature 24°C
Serial No. Capacitance (pF)
1ml
1 111.48
2 111.5
3 111.49
4 111.49
5 111.48

Temperature 60°C

Serial No. Capacitance (pF)

1ml
1 108.85
2 108.85
3 108.86
4 108.85
5 108.85
 User Interface
Sensor Node Control Module IoT Platform
Module

Capacitive Server/
Sensor Display Cloud
Storage

Microcontroller
Temperature
Sensor
Alarm

GPS Web or
Mobile
Application
Pressure Gateway
Sensor
(optional)
 Type 1 Calculated

Simulated

Capacitance

Air Water Oil

 OLED Pins

Atmega328P

Programmer Pins

GPS Module

LoRa Module

Voltage Regulator