PHILIPPINE

POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE

AERON JOHN A. AMIN, PhD

Subject Teacher
MELC: EXPLAIN THE
CONCEPT, RELATIONSHIP
AND IMPORTANCE OF
POLITICS, GOVERNANCE
AND GOVERNMENT.
LESSON
OBJECTIVES:
 Explain and discuss the concept
and relationship of politics and
political science, and government
and governance.
 Enumerate the elements of the
state.
 Value the importance of politics and
good governance.
POLITICS AND
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
POLITICS
 “polis” - city states.
 Process that determines the distribution of power and
resources.
 Theory and practice of how people influence others in
making decisions and carrying out projects or
programs.
 The creation, maintenance, and amendment of social
norms or rules.
CONCEPTS IN POLITICS
Concept of justice – what
Concept of power – source
and who is morally and
of authority.
politically right.

Concept on the right types of

constitutions and Concepts on political
governments – different structures – different
types of governments and ideologies in a state.
states.

Concept on the right and

virtuous leadership – who
should lead in a certain
political system
POLITICS
 Heywood (2013) defined politics as an
activity that involves the interaction of
people, whose relationship is characterized
by conflict and cooperation, and who come
together to solve such disagreement
through binding solutions.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
Political Science is a social science discipline that
studies the state and the government. It is a
systematized body of knowledge based on facts which
deals with experimentation and observation. Based on
the given definition, there are four elements to become
a science – a.) body of knowledge; b.) based on facts;
c.) deals with experiments; and d.) observation.
IMPORTANCE OF POLITICS
 Politics helps you to know your rights.
 Politics clarifies what you yourself believe.
 Politics is a living, breathing subject.
 Politics helps you to understand our nation’s
parties.
 Politics prepares you for adult life.
THE
STAT
E
STATE
According to Prof. Garner, the state is “a
community of persons more or less numerous,
permanently occupying a portion of territory,
independent from external control and
possessing a government which the great body
of inhabitants render habitual obedience”
ELEMENTS OF STATE
1. People – this refers to the mass population
living within the state.
2. Territory – It includes not only the land
over which the jurisdiction of the state
extends, but also the rivers and lakes
therein, a certain area of the sea which
abuts upon its coasts and the air space
above it.
ELEMENTS OF STATE
3. Government – It refers to the agency through
which the will of the state is formulated,
expressed and realized.
4. Sovereignty – The term maybe defined as the
supreme power of the state to command and
enforce obedience to its will from people
within its jurisdiction and corollary, to have
freedom from region control.
ELEMENTS OF STATE
(a) Internal – the power of the state to rule
within its territory; and

(b) External – the freedom of the state to

carry out its activities without subjection
to or control by other states.
GOVERNM
ENT AND
GOVERNA
NCE
GOVERNMENT
It is the term generally used to describe the
formal institutions through which a group of
people is ruled or governed. The term extends to
include the persons and organizations that make,
enforce, and apply political decisions for a
society. (Mendoza,1999a)
GOVERNMENT
Government as explained by De Leon
(1991) is created for the benefit of the
people governed and it accomplishes
services or functions that are beyond the
capabilities of any individual of
enterprise.
GOVERNMENT
De Leon enumerated important purposes of the government which
are:
(1) The maintenance of peace and order;
(2) The protection of persons and property;
(3) The administration of justice;
(4) The promotion of education;
(5) The preservation of the state from external danger and,
(6) The advancement of the physical, economic and social and
cultural well-being of the people.
GOVERNANCE
According to Tamayo (2014), governance is the
exercise of power or authority by political leaders for
attainment of the well-being of their country’s
citizens or inhabitants. He added that it is a complex
process in which some sectors of society exercise
power and create public policies that directly affect
the members of society.
Anne Mette Kjaer (2004) as cited by Tamayo (2014) clarifies the following features
about governance:

 Governance is broader than government because other sectors are included in

it: the government (also called the public sector) is always the main actor in
governance but it is not the only actor.
 Governance is based on the reality that the government cannot do everything
for the people on its own.
 The main role of the government is to set an enabling environment for other
actors of governance to participate and respond to the pursuit of the common
good.
 All actors other than the government are called the “civil society.”
 The civil society includes non-governmental organizations, and other
community-based and sectoral organizations that are private in nature but
have public functions or objectives.
INDICATORS OF A GOOD GOVERNANCE
1. Participatory
2. Rule of Law
3. Effectiveness and Efficiency
4. Transparency
5. Responsiveness
6. Equity and Inclusiveness
7. Consensus Oriented
8. Accountability