TOPIC: NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA

PRESENTER: BAKAR MOH’D FAKI

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CONTENTS
• Definition
• Epidemiology
• Etiology
• Classification
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical presentation
• Diagnosis
• Investigation
• Treatment
• Prevention

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NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA

Definitions.
 Is a clinical syndrome characterized by systemic illness with
documentation of infection (multiplication of bacteria with
their toxins).
OR
 Is a blood infection that occurs in an infant younger less than
28 days old.

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EPIDEMIOLOGY
 The incidence of neonatal septicemia is 1-8 cases per 1000
live births and mortality is 13%-70% world wide.
 The rate increase dramatically in premature infants and those
born to mothers with infections or prolonged rupture of fetal
membranes.

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ETIOLOGY
 Common causative agents are:
 Group B Streptococcus
 Hemophilus influenza,
 Staphylococcus aureus,
 Enteric gram negative bacillus such as E.coli and klebsiella

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CLASSIFICATION
It is classified in to two types:
1. Early onset neonatal septicemia
 Occurs within the first week after birth.
 The infection is usually transmitted from mother, either in
uterus due to diseases or damage or in child birth due to
infections in birth canal or rectum.
2. Late onset neonatal septicemia
 Occur after first week (but usually in the first 28 days )
 It is acquired from the infants surrounding, frequently it
can result from other procedure the baby gets in the
hospital

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PATHOGENESIS
 Early onset neonatal septicemia may occur due to risk
factors like
 Prematurity
 Premature rupture of membranes > 18 hours
 Chorioamnionitis
 Maternal intrapartam fever > 37.5 C
 Maternal bacteturia.

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Cont.…...
 For late onset neonatal septicemia may occur due to risk
factors like
 Prematurity
 Hospitalization
 Umbilical catheterization
 Endotracheal intubation
 Mechanical ventilation

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CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
 Unstable temperature
 Breathing pattern
 Diarrhea
 Low blood sugar
 Seizure
 Vomiting
 Hypotension
 Tachycardia
 Tachypnea
 Pallor

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DIAGNOSIS
 History taking & Physical examination
 Laboratory investigations

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Differential diagnosis
• Infections due to other agents (virus, fungal or parasite)
• Congenital heart disease.
• Neonatal encephalopathy.
• Metabolic diseases.
• Hypo or hyperthyroidism.
• Respiratory distress syndrome.

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INVESTIGATIONS
1. Sepsis screen
 CBC:

Show leucopenia< 5000/mm^3 and neutrophil count <

1000/mm^3
 Markers of inflammation

Serial determination of C reactive protein

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Cont.…

2. Identification of causative agents

 Blood culture.
 CSF and urine culture

3. Detect foci infections

 Chest x ray for pneumonia
4.Urinalysis.

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TREATMENT
 Give IV ampicillin at 50mg/kg every 6 hour plus IV
Gentamicin 7.5 mg/kg once a day for 7-10 days.
 Alternatively ,give ceftriaxone at 80-100mg/kg IV once daily
for 7-10 days.
 When staphylococcus infection suspected give flucloxacillin at
50mg/kg every 6 hour IV plus gentamicin at 7.5mg/kg once a
day
 Give oxygen for respiratory distress.
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PREVENTION
 Good antenatal care
 Maternal infections diagnosed and treated early
 Baby should breastfeed early
 Infection control unit must be applied in the unit

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REFERENCES
 Mohamed A . El- Komy. (2003). Baby Nelson Paediatric.
Infections .London: Zagaziging university
 Retrieved from:
https://www.emedicine.medscape.com/article/978352-different
ial. accessed
on 16/12/2021.

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THANK YOU

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