Said Jamal Uddin Afghani university

CS522
Network Operating System

Khalid Shinwari
khalidshinwari@gmail.com,
0788350228

Information Technology Department

Tuesday, December 12, 2023 Computer Science Faculty
 Lecture 2
In this lecture we will discuss the following topics

 What is a Network?
 Classification of Networks
 Classification by Network Geography
 Classification by Component Roles
 Network Operating System
 Introduction to Network Operating System
What is a Network?
 A communication path between two or more systems

 Vary by the protocols used, the distances between nodes,

and the transport media

 TCP/IP is the most common

network protocol
Need for Networks
 Enhance communication.
 Share resources.
 Facilitate centralized management.
 Classification of Networks
 Classification by network geography.
 Classification by component roles.
Classification by Network Geography
 Networks are frequently classified according to the
geographical boundaries.
 LAN, WAN, and MAN are the basic types of
classification, of which LAN and WAN are frequently
used.
Classification by Component Roles

 Networks can also be classified according to the roles

that the networked computers play in the network’s
operation.

 Peer-to-peer, and server-based, are the types of roles

into which networks are classified.
Classification by Component Roles
Peer-to-peer:
– In its simplest form, a peer-to-peer (P2P) network is created
when two or more PCs are connected and share resources
without going through a separate server computer.

– In a peer-to-peer network, all computers are considered

equal. Each computer controls its own information and is
capable of functioning as either a client or a server
depending upon the requirement.

– Peer-to-peer networks are inexpensive and easy to install.

They are popular as home networks and for use in small
companies.
Classification by Component Roles
Peer-to-peer advantages (continued):
 Easy to implement and manage.
 Nodes or workstations are independent of one another. Also, no
access permissions are needed.
 The network is reliable in nature. If a peer fails, it will not affect the
working of others.
 There is no need for any professional software in such kind of
networks.
 The cost of implementation of such networks is very less.
Classification by Component Roles

Peer-to-peer disadvantages (continued):

– The disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks are poor
security and lack of centralized file storage and
backup facilities.
Classification by Component Roles

Peer-to-peer network
Classification by Component Roles
Server-based:
– A server-based network offers centralized control
and is designed for secure operations.
– In a server-based network, a dedicated server
controls the network.
Classification by Component Roles
Server-based (continued):
– A Server-Based network can also be termed as a Client-
Server network.
– A Server-based network is a network in which network
security and storage are managed centrally by one or
more servers
– These servers can also control the network’s security
from one centralized location or share it with other
specially configured servers.
Classification by Component Roles
Server-based advantages (continued):

 It facilitates a Centralized storage system.

 Centralization makes administration easy.
 Data can be easily backed in such networks.
 The network is easy to scale.
 Data sharing speed is high.
 Servers can serve multiple clients at a time.
Classification by Component Roles
Server-based advantages (continued):

 Dependency is more on a centralized server.

 If the server's data is corrupted, all nodes will be affected.
 A network administrator is required.
 The cost of the server and network software is very high
Classification by Component Roles

Server-based network
Network Operating System
 A network operating system (NOS) is an operating system that
manages network resources: essentially, an operating system
that includes special functions for connecting computers and
devices into a local area network(LAN).

 The NOS manages multiple requests (inputs) concurrently and

provides the security necessary in a multiuser environment.
Network Operating System

– NetWare
– Windows Server
– Windows 2000 server
– UNIX
– LINUX
– Solaris
Features
 Provides basic operating system features; support for
processors, protocols, automatic hardware detection,
support multi-processing of applications

 Security features; authentication, authorization,

access control

 Provides names and directory services

 Provides files, print, web services, back-up and

replication services
Cont…
 Supports Internetworking such as routing and WAN ports

 User management and support for login and logoff, remote access,
system management

 Clustering capabilities, fault tolerant and high availability

systems

Cluster: = group of linked computers working together closely,

connected to LAN
Introduction of Network
Operating Systems
NetWare

 Derived from the two words Network

and software, NetWare is a network
operating system first introduced
in 1983 and produced by Novell.

 Novell NetWare was the

first LAN software based on file server
technology, running on
both Ethernet and IBM Token Ring
networks. NetWare can be used on
various desktop operating systems,
such as Microsoft Windows,
DOS, IBM OS/2, and Unix.
Windows NT
 Microsoft Windows NT is an
operating system. The first
published version was Microsoft
Windows NT 3.1, in 1993. It had
a similar interface to Windows
3.1, with advanced networking
capabilities and hardware
support.
 In August 1996 Microsoft
released Windows NT 4.0 with
an interface similar to Windows
95. Windows NT was later
replaced by Windows 2000;
however, it still had the Windows
NT kernel.
Windows 2000
 Is an operating system released
by Microsoft in February 2000. Windows
2000 is based on the Windows NT kernel
so known as Windows NT 5.0.

 Windows 2000 offers many system-wide

improvements over its predecessor. It
provides application development
services, connectivity, file and storage
management, security, systems
management and Web integration
improvements.

 Windows 2000 editions:

– Windows 2000 professional
– Windows 2000 Server
– Windows 2000 Advanced Server
– Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
Windows 2000 Server

 Windows 2000 Server was the

basic server, designed for
small- to medium-sized
networks.

 It included all the basic server

features, including file and
printer sharing, and acted as a
web and e-mail server.
Windows 2000 Advanced Server

 Windows 2000 Advanced

Server was the next step up,
designed for larger networks.

 Advanced Server could support

server computers that have up
to 8GB of memory (not hard
drive RAM!) and four
integrated processors instead of
the single processor that
desktop computers and most
server computers had.
Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

 Windows 2000 Datacenter

Server supported servers
that have as many as 32
processors with up to 64GB
of RAM and was specially
designed for large database
applications.

 Four node cluster support

 Processor control
 Difference between Operating System and
Network Operating System

 OS runs the computer itself  Network OS run on a server

and can be accessed through
– Example: Windows client machines connected
on the network

– Example: Novell Netware

and Linux run on a server
and can be used as NOS,
even there are Windows
server OS‘s which can be
used by clients connected on
the network