SOCIOLOGY PRESENTATION

UNIT#1: “THEORY AND METHODS”

TOPIC: HOW DO DIFFERENT

SOCIOLOGIST STUDY
SOCIETY?
NAME: SAFIYA ALI
CLASS: 02 DISCIPLINE

DATE: 21th October 2023

• WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
SOCIOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF SOCIOL LIFE , SOCIOL
CAUSES,AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CHNAGES IN
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR.

TO STUDY IS COMPLEX BEHAVIOUR OF THE PEOPLE IN SOCIAL

GROUPS SOCIOLOGIST USE DIFFERENT KIND OF TOOLS . THE MAIN
TOOLS ARE THE TWO TYPES: THEORIES ABOUT SOCIETY AND
METHODS USED TO EXPLORE THOSE THEORIES

FUTHERMORE, TO INTERPRET SOCIETY ,

SOCIOLOGIST FOCUS ON TWO MAIN APPROACHES :
STRUCTURALISM AND INTERPREVITISM
STRUCTURALISM :
• IN THIS APPROACH SOCIOLOGIST FOCUS ON THE MACRO ( SOCIAL STRUCTURES RATHER
THEN INDIVIUALS ) . IN THIS, STRUCTURALIST SEE SOCIETY AS A SET OF STRUCTURES IN
WHICH INDIVIUALS PLAY DEFINITE ROLES. TTEY BELIEVE IT IS THE SOCIETY WHICH
CONTROLS THE PEOPLE LEADING INDIVIUALS TO CARRY OUT SOCIAL ACTOINS AND OBEY
ROLES WITHOUT HAVING ANY CONTROL OVER IT.

• A WELL KNOWN EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURALIST APPROACH IS THE WORK OF EMILE

DURKHEIM ON SUCIDE . HE CHOSE TO STUDY ON SUCIDE BECAUSE OF THE
PROPOTION OF POPULATION THAT COMMITED SUCIDE DID NOT CHANGED . DURKHIEM
WANTED TO SHOW THAT SOCIAL FORCES LAY BEHIND SUCIDE ATTEMPTS.
• A SOCIAL FORCE , IS A CONNECTION BETWEEN A INDIVAL AND THE SUPPORT SYSTEM
LIKE FAMILIES AND RELIGIOUS ORGANISATION . STRONG CONNECTION MAY LEAD TO
LOWER SUCIDE ATTEMPTS AND WEAK CONNECTIONS MAY LEAD TO HIGHER RATES.

• IN , CONCLUSION DURKHEIM’S WORK PROPOSED THAT INDIVIUALS

HAVE LITTE FREEDOM OF THOUGHT AND ACTIONS. SOCIETY
CONTROLS US AND INDIVIUALS ARE LIKE PUPPETS
INTERPRETIVISM
• IN THIS APPROACH, INTERPRETIVIST START WITH THE INDIVIUALS RATHER THAN
THE SOCIETY . THEY BELIEVE THAT IT IS THE PEOPLE WHO MAKE UP SOCIETIES
AND HAVE CONTROL OVER FREQUENT CHANGES IN ACTIONS OF A SOCIETY

• INTERPRETIVIST ARE MUCH MORE INTERESTED IN HOW PEOPLE SEE

THEMSELVES AND WHAT MAKES UP THEIR IDENTITY, FOR WHICH WE ARE
AWADRED WITH CERTAIN LABELS LIKE SEX & GENGER , AGE ,SOCIAL CLASS,
AND NATIONALLITY etc .

• THROUGH SOME RESEARCH METHODS INTERPRETEVISIT TRY TO

UNDERSTAND HOW PEOPLE SEE THEM SELVES AND THE WORLD
AROUND THEM , LIKE IN RESEARCHING A CRIME AN INTERPRETEVIST
WOULD WANT TO KNOW WHAT THE PEOPLE INVOLVED HAD TO SAY
ABOUT WHAT THE DID NT JUST WHAT HAPPENED.
THE END
I HOPE U LIKED MY PRESENTATION.