ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT

SYSTEM
(EIS)
 ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
 SYSTEM
The EIS is separated into two subsystems:

 - Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS),

 - Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM).

 The four EFIS displays (2 for each flight crew member) give to the flight crew all the basic flight
parameters.

 The ECAM system gives to the flight crew aircraft system displays, faults, checklists and the aircraft
operational status.
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
SYSTEM

Engine
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
SYSTEM
 Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor
(ECAM)
 The pilot’s workload on all aircraft includes continuous monitoring of the flight instruments and the sky
outside of the aircraft.

 It also includes vigilant scrutiny for proper operation of the engine and airframe systems.

 On transport category aircraft, this can mean monitoring numerous gauges in addition to maneuvering the
aircraft.

 The electronic centralized aircraft monitoring (ECAM) system is designed to assist with this duty.
Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor (ECAM)

 The basic concept behind ECAM (and other monitoring systems) is automatic performance of monitoring
duties for the pilot.

 When a problem is detected or a failure occurs, the primary display, along with an aural and visual cue,
alerts the pilot.

 Corrective action that needs to be taken is displayed ,as well as suggested action due to the failure.

 By performing system monitoring automatically, the pilot is free to fly the aircraft until a problem occurs
 Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor
(ECAM)
 Aircraft data inputs are fed into two flight warning computers.

 Analog inputs are first fed through a system data analog converter and then into the warning computers.

 The warning computers process the information and forward information to the signal generators to
illuminate the monitors.
EFIS: PFD & ND
 PFD: Primary Flight Display

 All information to fly the aircraft

 Attitude Indicator

 Airspeed indicator

 Altitude indicator

 Vertical speed

 Compass
EFIS: PFD & ND
 The modern PFD displays virtually all of the information that the pilot requires to determine basic
flight parameters (altitude, attitude, airspeed, rate of climb, heading, etc) plus autopilot and auto-
throttle engagement status, flight director modes and approach status.

 Depending upon the phase of flight and pilot selections, the flight director will provide appropriate
lateral guidance to maintain the selected track, heading or approach and missed approach track and
vertical guidance for climb and descent, level off, approach and missed approach.

 This greatly reduces pilot workload while in manual flight and facilitates flight monitoring with the
autopilot engaged as all required information is displayed on a single instrument.
PFD: Primary Flight Display
 EFIS: PFD & ND

 ND: Navigation System Display

 All information to navigate the aircraft:

 Several Different Modes:

 Heading Indicator

 VOR

 ILS

 TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System)

 EFIS: Failure Warnings

Warnings on PFD

EFIS Failure flag are shown with a

flashing red flags.
 EFIS CONTROL AND INDICATING
 Flight parameters are displayed on the Primary Flight Display (PFD) while navigation data is
displayed on the Navigation Display (ND).

 Outboard of the PFDs, there are control knobs to adjust the brightness of the associated PFD and
ND, and to turn the displays off.

 Two EFIS control panels are used to select what is displayed on the EFIS screens.

 The EFIS control panels are divided into two sections, one section associated with the PFD and
the other one with the ND.

 Just below the ECAM screens, on the center pedestal, there is a switching panel with, on the right,
2 rotary selectors to restore data to the EFIS and ECAM displays in abnormal operation.
 ECAM: SD & E/WD

 The Engine/Warning Display (EWD) is normally

on the upper Electronic Centralized Aircraft
Monitoring (ECAM) Display Unit (DU).

 The Engine/Warning Display (EWD) is divided

into two main parts:

 - the upper area is used to display the main

engine parameters, the

 Fuel On Board (FOB) and the slat/flap position,

 - the lower area is used for warning, caution and

memo messages.
 ECAM: SD & E/WD

 SD: System Display

 The System Display (SD) is divided into

two areas:

 - the upper part is used to display the

various system pages, diagrams of the
A/C systems,

 - the lower part is used to display

permanent data.
 ECAM: SD & E/WD

 An A/C STATUS page may be also displayed on the SD to give an operational status of the A/C.

 When things are not normal the STATUS page displays:

 - operational data on the LH side,

 - INOPerative SYStem on the RH side.

 In front of each pilot, there are two attention getters, a red MASTER WARNing and an amber
MASTER CAUTion.

 As a further means of getting the attention, there is a loudspeaker on each side of the cockpit for
aural alerts and synthetic voice messages.
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEM -
ECAM CONTROL AND INDICATING
ECAM: Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring:
 A system that monitors aircraft functions and relays them to the pilots.

 Produces messages detailing failures and in certain cases, lists procedures to undertake to correct
the problem.

 It is managed by a central maintenance computer, which is provided with data from several
systems and sensors.
ECAM: Electronic Centralized Aircraft
Monitoring
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
SYSTEM - ECAM
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
SYSTEM - ECAM
 DMC

 The Display Management Computers (DMCs) process data in order to generate codes and graphic
instructions related to the image to display.

 Note the particular role of DMC 3 is to be switched instead of DMC 1 or DMC 2. Each DMC can
process three displays: Primary Flight Display (PFD), Navigation Display (ND) and upper or lower
ECAM display.
ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
SYSTEM - ECAM
 FWC

 The Flight Warning Computers (FWCs) monitor the aircraft systems.

 These computers are the heart of the ECAM system.

 Each FWC generates all warning messages to display and supplies the attention getters.

 It also computes the flight phases and supplies aural warnings.

ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT
SYSTEM - ECAM
 SDAC

 The System Data Acquisition Concentrators (SDACs) receive various signals from the aircraft
systems and send them to the FWCs and DMCs.

 The SDACs acquire most of the signals used to display system pages and

 used by the FWCs to generate amber warnings.

Warnings and Cautions

 Annunciator Systems

 Instruments are installed for two purposes: to display current conditions and to notify of unsatisfactory
conditions.

 Standardized colors are used to differentiate between visual messages.

 The color green indicates a satisfactory condition.

 Yellow is used to caution of a serious condition that requires further monitoring.

 Red is the color for an unsatisfactory condition. Whether part of the instrument face or of a visual
warning system, these colors give quick reference information to the pilot.
Warnings and Cautions

 Master caution lights are used to draw the attention of the crew to a critical situation in addition to an
annunciator that describes the problem.

 These master caution lights are centrally wired and illuminate whenever any of the participating systems
or components require attention.

 Once notified, the pilot may cancel the master caution, but a dedicated system or component annunciator
light stays illuminated until the situation that caused the warning is rectified.

 Cancelling resets the master caution lights to warn of a subsequent fault event even before the initial fault
is corrected
 Warnings and Cautions
 Aural Warning Systems

 Aircraft aural warning systems work in conjunction with illuminated annunciator systems.

 They audibly inform the pilot of a situation requiring attention.

 Various tones and phrases sound in the cockpit to alert the crew when certain conditions exist.

 For example, an aircraft with retractable landing gear uses an aural warning system to alert the crew to an
unsafe condition.

 A bell sounds if the throttle is retarded and the landing gear is not in a down and locked condition
Thank you