TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Education
Biology Department
2019- 2020

Lab.3.B
Protozoa
(2nd Grade)

By: Yad Sirwan

yad.Sirwan@ishik.edu.iq
 Classification

Kingdom Protista
Subkingdm Protozoa
phylum protozoa
subphylum Sarcomastigophora Sporozoa Ciliophora
Superclass: sarcodina _superclass: mastigophore
genus Amoeba sp. Euglena sp. Plasmodium sp. Paramecium sp.
1.Entamoeba histolytica Toxoplasma sp. Vorticella sp.
Trypanosoma sp.
Balantidium coli.
2.E.Coli
 subphylum: Sarcomastigophora
superclass: Sarcodina

Characteristic of sarcodina:
 Known as amoeboid protozoan
 They are either freeliving in freshwater ponds containing bacteria, e.g., Amoeba or parasitic in host’s body,
e.g., Entamoeba histolytica, E. coli.
 Body is in the form of a mass of irregular protoplasm contains a nucleus with endosome, food and
contractile vacuoles and other organelles.
 Movement is by false feet called Pseudopodia.
 Reproduction is asexually by binary fission and sexual reproduction by syngamy.
 Lifecycle includes encystation during unsuitable conditions to form cyst but during suitable conditions the
cyst under goes division then releases new Amoeba.
 Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba coli

1. Centric karyosome. 1. Eccentric karyosome.

2. Regular chromatin. 2. Irregular chromatin.
3. Feeds on R.B.C. 3. Feeds on bacteria.
4. Pathogenic. 4. Non-pathogenic.
5. 4 nucleus in the cyst. 5. 8 nucleus in the cyst.
 subphylum: Sarcomastigophora
Superclass: Mastigophora
Characteristics of Mastigophora:
 They are either freeliving in freshwater, e.g., Euglena sp. or parasitic inside host’s blood, e.g.,

Trypanosoma brucei; T. gambiense, T. rhodensiense, T. cruzi, cause a disease called sleeping

sickness (Chaga's). They usually live in two hosts; an invertebrate host, either insect (tsetse fly) or

a vertebrate host, like Man and fish.

 Body is regular and elongated includes pellicle, flagella, a nucleus with endosome, undulating

membrane, basal granule, para-basal granule, food and contractile vacuoles and other organelles.
 Movement is by flagella.

 Reproduction is asexually by binary fission.

 Lifecycle includes several forms.

CLASS: Phytomastigophora CLASS: Zoomastigophora

Euglena sp. Trypanosoma sp.

 Classification

Kingdom Protista
Subkingdm Protozoa
phylum protozoa
subphylum Sarcomastigophora Sporozoa Ciliophora
Superclass: sarcodina _superclass: mastigophore
genus Amoeba sp. Euglena sp. Plasmodium sp. Paramecium sp.
1.Entamoeba histolytica Toxoplasma sp. Vorticella sp.
Trypanosoma sp.
Balantidium coli.
2.E.Coli
 Phylum: Protozoa
Subphylum: Sporozoa

 Simple body organization.

 Endoparasitic and pathogenic, , e.g., Plasmodium. falciparum, P.
malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale cause a disease called malaria. They usually
live in two hosts; an invertebrate host, which is Anopheles mosquito and a
vertebrate host like Man and pig.
 Heterotrophic and saprozoic in nutrition.
 Lifecycle is alternation of generation, i.e., includes asexually reproduction
(in Man) and sexually reproduction (in Mosquito).
 Movement organ isn’t found at all.
Life cycle of plasmodium
Kingdom Protista
Subkingdm Protozoa
phylum protozoa
subphylum Sarcomastigophora Sporozoa ciliophora
Superclass: sarcodina _superclass: mastigophore

genus Amoeba sp. Euglena sp. Plasmodium sp.

Paramecium sp.
1.Entamoeba histolytica Trypanosoma sp. Toxoplasma sp. Vorticella sp.
2.E.Coli Balantidium coli.
 Subphylum: Ciliophora

 Characteristics of Ciliophora

 They are either free living in freshwater, e.g., Paramecium sp., Vorticella sp. and or
parasitic in host’s body, e.g., Balantidium coli. Body takes different and complex forms,
contains a micronucleus its role is reproduction and a macronucleus that performs other
cellular functions, contractile vacuoles and other organelles.

 Movement is by cilia.

 Reproduction is asexually by binary fission and sexually by conjugation.

Class: Oligohymenophorea
Order: Peniculida
Family: Parameciidae

Paramecium sp.:
• Freeliving ciliated protozoa,
lives in fresh water ponds and
streams.

• Body is oval-shaped, equally

covered with simple cilia, a deep
oral groove is found.

• Reproduction is asexually by
binary fission or sexually by
conjugation.
Order: Peritrichia
Family: Vorticellidae
Vorticella sp.:
• Free living ciliated protozoa,
lives in fresh water ponds and
streams.

• Body is inverted bell-shaped,

consisted of disk and stalk. Each
cell has a separate stalk reached
to the substrate surface.

• Reproduction is asexually by
budding or sexually by
conjugation.
Class: Litostomatea
Order: Spirotricha
Balantidium coli:

• Parasitic ciliated protozoa,

infects the intestine of Man,
and causes a disease called
Balntidiasis.

• Body is spherical in shape,

covered with spirally arranged
cilia.

• Reproduction is asexually by
binary fission or sexually by
conjugation.
Thank
you