Types of Research

Research according to Inquiry

1. Rationalistic Research
- it begins with an existing scholarly
theory using formal instruments in
gathering data.
- the theory serves as the take-off point of
the inquiry
- the researcher validates or tests the
theory having due regard of the theory
assumptions
Rationalistic Research
Theory Research Problem or Topic

Expectancy violation theory Date initiation

Constructivism Music education

Agenda setting theory TV commercials

Social judgment theory Reduction of racial prejudice

Social penetration theory Self-disclosure in teenage

relationship on FB
Research according to Inquiry
2. Naturalistic Research
- the researcher investigates the
indivindual’s thoughts, values,
perception, and even actions wherein
understanding human behavior is the
researcher’s main concern.

Some examples of this type include studies

using the following approaches:
 Naturalistic Research
Naturalistic Definition
Research Approach

Ethnography - a researcher immerses himself in the

target participants’ environment to
understand the goals, cultures, challenges,
motivations, and themes that emerge

Phenomenology - a researcher wants to describe an event,

activity, or phenomenon
- its aim is to describe precisely the lived
experiences of people, and not to create
theories or models of the phenomenon
being studied
 Naturalistic Research
Naturalistic Definition
Research
Approach

Grounded - it looks to provide an explanation or theory

Theory behind the events

Case Study - refers to the in depth analysis of a single or

small number of units

Narrative - knits as one a sequence of events, usually

from just one or two individuals to form
an organized story
Research according to Inquiry
3. Developmental Research
- it utilizes systematic techniques and
introduces innovations based on scientific
research findings
- the researcher’s aim
Research according to Purpose
1. Basic (Fundamental or Pure) Research
- the researcher carries out the research
process mainly to develop fuller scientific
knowledge
2. Applied Research
- it is carried out to find answers to a research
problem and apply knowledge in certain
situation.
Research according to Methodology
1. Qualitative Research
- concerned with inquiring about certain
phenomenon or event, individual’s
behavior, culture, practices, and values
such as beliefs and perception
- the data are described and reported in
textual form
- it uses any one of the ff. approaches
(ethnography, phenomenology, grounded
theory, case study, narrative)
Research according to Methodology

2. Quantitative Research
- also dwells on investigating certain
phenomenon or event wherein data are
usually characterized by numerical
measures
Research according to Methodology

3. MixedMethods
- uses both qualitative and quantitative
research traditions. It combines the use of
quali and quanti data, approaches,
methodologies, paradigms (or frameworks).
Research according to Design
1. Experimental Research
- it comes in two sub-categories: Pure
expiremental design and quasi-
experimental design

Pure Experimental Design – characterized by

three components – manipulation,
randomization, and control that are usually
considered in experimentation.
Research according to Design
1. Experimental Research
- it comes in two sub-categories: Pure
expiremental design and quasi-
experimental design

Quasi-experimental Design – when

participants are not randomly assigned or
when one of the three components is never
considered in the investigation.