Chapter 21

Motivating individual and

groups
 Motivation
• In an organisation, motivation refers to the
willingness of individuals to perform certain
tasks or actions. It is the incentive or reason
for them behaving in a particular way.
 Motivation and satisfaction
• There is a difference. Job satisfaction is an
individual's emotional response to his or her
current job condition, while motivation is the
driving force to pursue and satisfy one's
needs.
 Maslows hierarchy
• Self fulfillment
• Ego
• Social
• Safety/security
• Basic/ physiological
 Herzberg`s two factor theory
• Hygiene factors
• Motivators
 Herzberg suggested three types of
job design
• Job enrichment <vertical job enlargement>
• Job enlargement <horizontal Job enlargement>
• Job rotation
 Mcgregor`s theory X and theory Y
• Theory X
– Employees are assumed to dislike work, have to be
forced to get the work done, dislike taking
responsibility.
– Have negative attitude

• Theory Y
– Employees are assumed to enjoy work, motivated to
take responsibilty they are self controlled and self
directed
– Have positive attitude
 Vroom`s expectancy theory
• As per Vroom's model it would depend on
two things that is
– Valence
– expectancy
 Rewards
• Reward is something given, to an individual or
group, in recognition of their services, effort
or achievements
• Rewards can be
– Intrinsic rewards
– Extrinsic rewards
Incentive
There are three types of incentive scheme

• Performance related pay

– Piecework
– Management by objectives
– Point system
– Commission
• Bonus schemes
• Profit sharing