Kurdistan region government-Iraq

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research

Akre University for applied science
Akre Technical Institute
Surveying Department-Evening
First stage- First semester

Name of group:- A2
1- Khald Kamal Mustafa ( Engineering Survey )
2- Mahdi Ahmaed
3- Wala Sharef Zero
4- Iman Nazir Ismael Supervisor teacher: Bakhtiyar Q. Khawaja

Data
2024-2023
28/11/2023
Table Of Content:

Introduction………………………………….1
Background………………....………………..2
How does it work………………….…………3
Types of engineering survey………………...4
Advantages…………………………………...5

Disadvantages…………………...…………...6
Conclusions……………………...…………...7
References…………………………...……….8
Introduction

Engineering surveys play a crucial role in the successful

planning, design, and construction of infrastructure
projects. These surveys provide essential data and
information that aid engineers in making informed
decisions, ensuring accuracy, and minimizing risks. As
technology continues to evolve, so does the field of
engineering surveys, with advancements in equipment and
techniques leading to more efficient and accurate data
collection.
Background
The field of engineering surveys has a long history dating
back thousands of years. Ancient civilizations, such as the
Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, utilized basic surveying
techniques to plan and construct their monumental
structures. As time progressed, surveying methods became
more refined, with the advent of new tools and instruments.

In the past, engineering surveys relied heavily on manual

methods such as chain surveys and plane table surveys.
However, with the rapid advancement of technology,
surveying has transformed significantly. Today, surveyors
utilize a range of sophisticated equipment and technologies,
including total stations, GPS/GNSS (Global Navigation
Satellite System), and terrestrial laser scanners. These
advancements have improved the efficiency, accuracy, and
speed of data collection in engineering surveys.
 How does it work:
1-Reconnaissance: The initial step in an engineering survey is to
conduct a reconnaissance study of the project area.

2-establishing control points: The next step is to establish

control points on the project site.
3-Data Collection: Once the control points are set up, surveyors
use various instruments and techniques to collect data about the
site.
4-Data Processing: The collected data is then processed using
specialized software and tools
5-Analysis and Interpretation: The processed data is
analyzed and interpreted to extract meaningful
information.

6-Reporting and Documentation: The final step is to document

the survey results in a comprehensive report
Advantages:
1- Accurate Data: Engineering surveys provide accurate and
precise measurements of the project site, including topography,
boundaries, and existing features. This data ensures that the
project design is based on reliable information, reducing the risk
of errors and costly rework.

2-Improved Planning: By gathering detailed information about

the project site, engineering surveys enable engineers and
planners to make informed decisions during the design and
construction phases. This leads to more effective planning,
optimized layouts, and improved project outcomes.

3-Optimized Resource Allocation: Engineering surveys help in

identifying and utilizing resources efficiently. By accurately
assessing the characteristics of the site, engineers can plan the best
location and orientation of structures, utilities, and infrastructure
to maximize efficiency and minimize costs.
Disadvantages
1-Cost: Conducting a comprehensive survey can be expensive, especially for large
or complex projects.

2. Time-consuming: Surveys can take time, causing delays in project timelines.

3-Weather Dependency: Outdoor surveys can be affected by weather conditions,
leading to delays or inaccuracies.

4-Limited Precision: Despite advanced technology, there can be limitations in

achieving extremely high precision, especially in challenging terrains.

5-Environmental Impact: The survey process itself may have environmental

impacts, and minimizing these is a consideration.
6-Expertise Required: Skilled professionals are needed to conduct surveys, and
their availability can sometimes be a limitation.
7-Data Interpretation: Interpreting survey data requires expertise, and
misinterpretation can lead to design or construction errors.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, engineering surveys play a critical role in the
successful planning, design, and construction of engineering
projects. They provide accurate and reliable data about the
physical characteristics of a site, helping engineers and
planners make informed decisions. By utilizing advanced
surveying instruments and techniques, engineering surveys
ensure that project designs are based on precise
measurements, reducing the risk of errors and costly
rework. The benefits of engineering surveys include
improved planning, optimized resource allocation, risk
mitigation, compliance with regulations, effective
communication, data-driven decision making, and enhanced
stakeholder confidence. Overall, engineering surveys
contribute to the efficient and effective execution of
engineering projects, leading to successful outcomes.
References:

1-https://biblus.accasoftware.com/en/engineering-surveyswhat-
are-they-and-why-theyre-so-important/

2-https://www.vssut.ac.in/lecture_notes/lecture1428642587.pdf
3-R. Souza, "Advances in Surveying Techniques: A Literature
Review," ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Volume 7,
Issue 2, February 2018.

4-J. U. Hurol, "Engineering Surveys: Their Role in Support of

Engineering Design and Construction," Construction Division News,
Volume 23, Issue 4, December 1991, pp. 2-5.
Thank
You
For Evreyone