LIN 1315 Introduction to Linguistics

Lecture 3 : Phonetics (Part 2)

Professor: Karim Achab

Department of Linguistics| Département de linguistique

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 Lecture Plan
2.4 Consonant articulation (continued)
– Stops - unreleased stops
– Fricatives - Strident fricatives and affricates
– Affricates - Liquids (syllabic and non-syllabic)
– Glides
2.5 Vowels
 Three ways of modifying the vocal tract
1. Rounding (lips)
2. Height (opening of the mouth)
3. Backness (body of the tongue)

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 Review
Sound classes: consonants & vowels

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 2.4 Consonant articulation
a) Place of articulation
b) Manner of articulation
c) Voicing

IPA: Consonants of English Answers the question “where?”

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 2.4 Consonant articulation
a) Place of articulation
b) Manner of articulation
c) Voicing

IPA: Consonants of English

Answers the question “how?”

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 2.4 Consonant articulation

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 2.4 Consonant articulation

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 2.4 Consonant articulation

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 2.4 Consonant articulation

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 2.4 Consonant articulation
Voice lag and aspiration
causing a hissing or a buzzing noise

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 2.4 Consonant articulation

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 2.4 Consonant articulation

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 2.5 Vowels
• No air blocking or hindrance
• No places of articulation
• Vocal cords vibrate (friction)
• Vocal tract acts as a resonating chamber
• Resonating chamber shaped by movements of the tongue, jaw
and lips
• We obtain different timbers of the sound produced by the vocal
cords

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 2.5 Vowels

 Basic parameters for describing vowels (§2.6.2)

• Three ways of modifying the vocal tract
resonating chamber
1. Rounding (lips)
2. Height (opening of the mouth)
3. Backness (body of the tongue)
• Tensity/length
1. Lax (short vowels)
2. Tense/long vowels
3. Diphtongs

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 2.5 Vowels

1. Rounding (the lips)

1. Narrows the passage of the air
2. Rounded vowels: [u] as in boot, [ʊ] as in book
and [o] as in boat
3. Unrounded vowels: [i] as in beet or [Ʌ] cut,

2. Height (or opening)

1. If jaw lowers, the body of the tongue lowers too
2. Passage of the air widens
3. If jaw raises, the body of the tongue raises too
4. Passage of the air narrows

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 2.5 Vowels
3. Backness

Say the sequence [i u i u i u i u ...], you’ll feel your tongue body sliding
forward and backward along the roof of the mouth.

Body of the tongue may be placed

a) towards the front: front vowels
b) towards the back: back vowels
c) in the middle: central vowels

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 2.5 Vowels

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 2.5 Vowels
Vowel Trapezoid and IPA Chart for Vowels

Where dots
appear, read:
Left of the dot =
unrouded
Right of the dot =
rounded

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 2.5 Vowels

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 Thank you!
Questions?

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