Southern Bicol Colleges

School-Age Patient
Care
Presented by:
GROUP 3
Presentation Outline Assessment

Today's Topics Diagnosis

Planning

Intervention

Evaluation

Rationale
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School Age

School age child development is a range from 6 to 12 years of age.

During this time period observable differences in height, weight, and
build of children may be prominent. The language skills of children
continue to grow and many behavior changes occur as they try to find
their place among their peers
 Scenario
The client's parent reported that for the previous
weeks, the client had been experiencing chest
pain, shortness of breath, and a fever. The client's
dry cough, production of thick yellow and green
mucus (phlegm), and trouble breathing are also
mentioned.
Pneumonia
A Short Knowledge
Pneumonia is a form of acute respiratory infection
that affects the lungs. The lungs are made up of
small sacs called alveoli, which fill with air when a
healthy person breathes. When an individual has
pneumonia, the alveoli are filled with pus and fluid,
which makes breathing painful and limits oxygen
intake.
What causes it;
Pneumonia is caused by several infectious agents,
including viruses, bacteria and fungi. Pneumonia can be
spread in several ways. The viruses and bacteria that are
commonly found in a child's nose or throat can infect the
lungs if they are inhaled. They may also spread via air-borne
droplets from a cough or sneeze. In addition, pneumonia
may spread through blood, especially during and shortly after
birth..
Safety Precautions
•Wash hands with soap and water or alcohol-
based hand sanitizers to kill germs.

•Keep the immune system strong.

•If the client has problems swallowing, advice

him/her to eat smaller meals of thickened food
and sleep with the head of the bed raised up .

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Data of Patient:
Name: Mahinay, James
Age: 10 y/old
Sex: Male
Address: Brgy. Nursery, Masbate City
Contact Mahinay, Joan (Mother)
Person:
Contact 09*********
No.:
Physician: Dr. S. Mahinay
 Assessment:
Subjective Data: The client’ breathing is rapid and shallow, and
shows signs of breathlessness. The client is low on energy and
is not energetic as usual as the client’s parent stated.

Objective Data:
• Positive Productive Cough (2 weeks)
VITAL SIGNS
• Temp: 38.4 C
• BP: 90/60 mm Hg
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• Heart Rate: 128 heartrate
• RR: 34 Respiratory Rate
• O2: 93-94%
Rationale:
Why do we need to check the patient’s Vital Signs:

They signal early signs of an infection, prevent a

misdiagnosis, detect symptom-less medical problems, and
encourage us to make better choices.

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Respiratory Rate

. AGE Respiratory rate Heart rate

(breaths/minute) (beats/minute)
4 to <6 years 17 81 to 117

6 to <8 years 16 74 to 111

8 to <12 years 14 67 to 103

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 ⮚ (HY-per-THER-mee-uh) Abnormally high body temperature.
This may be caused as part of treatment, by an infection,
Diagnosis: or by exposure to heat.

⮚ Greater than 40 C
⮚ Ineffective airway clearance
⮚ Altered breathing patterns
⮚ ALTERED BODY TEMPERATURE
⮚ Hyperthermia is defined as elevated body temperature
due to a break in thermoregulation that arises when a
NEXT body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates.
It is a sustained core temperature beyond the normal
variance, usually greater than 39 °C (102.2 °F)
 • To provide a diet that is high on
protein
Planning:
• To liquefy secretion

• To increase good oxygenation

• To lower down body

temperature
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• To prevent spread of infection

• TSB when febrile

 Food Choices
DAY 1 Breakfast (8:00-8:30AM)Milk n Cornflakes
(1 cup)
A diet rich in protein is beneficial for the people suffering Mid-Meal (11:00-11:30AM) Tender
coconut water (1 cup) + 1 Apple
from pneumonia. Foods like nuts, seeds, beans, white Lunch (2:00-2:30PM) Parboiled rice (1/2
meat and cold water fishes like salmon and sardines have cup) + Chicken(2pcs.) stew (1/2 cup)
anti-inflammatory properties. They also in repairing the Evening (4:00-4:30PM) Vegetable soup
(1/2 cup)
damaged tissues and building the new tissues in the body. Dinner (8:00-8:30PM) Boiled rice (1/3
cup) + Mashed potato (2)
Hence the patient must be kept on a liquid diet like (if the Day 2 Breakfast (8:00-8:30AM) Rice flake (1 cup)
client has anorexia): with peas and carrots

Mid-Meal (11:00-11:30AM) Tender

1.Freshly made smoothies, milk shakes and should try to coconut water (1 cup) + 1 orange
give light meals containing lean meat, fishes and boiled
Lunch (2:00-2:30PM) Mashed potato(2)
.
vegetables. n Boiled rice (1/2 cup) + Boiled egg (1)
2.Some doctors also suggest to keep the patient on a
Evening (4:00-4:30PM) Chicken soup (1/3
liquid meal supplement in case of loss of appetite. cup)
3.Commonly advised liquid meal supplement would be Dinner (8:00-8:30PM) Boiled rice (1/3
cup) + Fish(1pc) stew (1/3 cup)
Ensure or Fresubin or ask for any other high - energy
liquid meal supplement.

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4.It is advisable to serve this liquid supplement cold as it is
more acceptable to the patient with loss of appetite.
5.Including vitamin and mineral supplements during
recovery is also helpful and beneficial for the patient.
 Liquefy Secretions
Will inform the client’s parent needs to drink enough
liquids, especially warm ones can help with mucus flow.
Water and other liquids can loosen your congestion by
helping your mucus move. Try sipping liquids, like juice,
clear broths, and soup. Other good liquid choices
include decaffeinated tea, warm fruit juice, and lemon
water.

Increase Oxygenation

Guide the client in performing a simple breathing exercises like

pursed-lip breathing and deep belly breathing to open the airways
and increase the amount of oxygen in your body.

Increase Oxygenation
Continuous application of cold water to the skin can be achieved by
either sponging the patient or using a spray bottle. Placing a fan to blow
directly on the patient while also spraying or sponging will increase the
rate of evaporation, and thereby, will more rapidly decrease body
temperature.
How to prevent spread of Infection

Keeping your hands clean is the

number 1 way to prevent the spread
of infection. Clean your hands after
using the bathroom, after sneezing,
blowing your nose, or coughing,
before eating, when visiting someone
who is sick, or whenever your hands

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are dirty.
.
TSB (Tepid Sponge Bath)

Tepid Sponge is a procedure to

increase the control of body
temperature through evaporation and
conduction which is usually conducted
to the high fever client. The purpose
of this action is to decrease the body
temperature of hyperthermia client.

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.
 • Place in a comfortable position
• Do nebulization as doctor’s ordered
Implementation: • Do chest back tapping after each nebulization
• TSB
• Administer O2 inhalation via nasal cannula as
doctor’s ordered
• Give prescribe medication as doctor’s ordered
• Provide light clothing to the patient in good room
ventilation
• Advised to increased oral fluid intake
NEXT • Advised to rest.
 Place in Comfortable Position

Position the client comfortably with clean sheets.

Positioning can be used for many different purposes such
as pressure or pain relief, to provide safety and comfort,
and for examination or personal hygiene procedures.

Nebulization
To help loosen the mucus in the client’s lungs and help them
breathe better. (As ordered by the Doctor)

Chest Back Tapping after

Nebulization

This allows the medication time to deposit in the airway. Occationally

tapping the back of the client.

O2 Inhalation
Critically important for the person who cannot otherwise maintain a
safe level of oxygen saturation.
 Light Clothing

State to the client’s parent that the client needs to wear

light clothing. White/ light colored clothes reflect most of
the sun’s heat and absorb very little of the sun's heat and
keeps our body cool

Oral Fluid Intake

Benefits for this advice are replacing insensible fluid losses from
fever and respiratory tract evaporation, correcting dehydration
from reduced intake, and reducing the viscosity of mucus.

Drink plenty of liquids, as long as the physician says it is okay. Drink

water, juice, or weak tea. Drink at least 6-10 cups (1.5-2.5 liters) a
day.

Rest
Advising the client to have lots of rest. So that, the body can recover,
fluids to keep the mucus in your lungs thin.
 Evaluation: • Verbalized comfort
• Respiratory lower to 34 BPM for 28
BPM
• Temperature 37.5°C
• O2 95%
• Rested
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 GOALS EVALUATION

• To provide a diet that is high on protein

• To liquefy secretion
• To increase good oxygenation
• To lower down body temperature
• To prevent spread of infection
• TSB when febrile
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Nursing Care Plan

ASSESSMEN DIAGNOSIS PLANNING IMPLEMENTATI EVALUATIO

T ON N

Assessment of Findings Planning the Performing Evaluation and reviewing

Subjective and based on the care and of the results after
objective data data collected: appropriate for implementing implementing the

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of the patient. lab results, the client. based on the provided care, and if it is
vital signs and plans created. met or is unmet by the
other tests. patient.
Care Plan created by;

GROUP 3 (BSN-1D)

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Words to Live By

"Wherever the art of Medicine is loved,

there is also a love of Humanity".

HIPPOCRATES

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