Cpe 104 Module 4 Learner Centered Pedagogy A B 2023

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CPE 104 Module 4 - LEARNER-CENTERED PEDAGOGY ( A, B)
A. Delivery Modalities
1. Face to face
2. Blended learning
3. Technology based/ Online e-
learning
4. Distance learning
Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.
Module 4 - LEARNER-CENTERED PEDAGOGY ( D, E, F)
B. Structures for Facilitating Learner- centered Teaching
1. Formal (Traditional)
2. Alternative Learning System (ALS)
* Non- formal Education (NFE)
* Informal Education (InEd)
* Mobile Teacher
3. Alternative Delivery Modes (ADM)
* MISOSA- Modified In School Off School Approach

The pandemic in 2019 has changed entirely the
educational system in the Philippines and globally.
In our country the “no contact” or face-to-face
classes is strictly enforced for safety reasons during those
times.
The Department of Education (DepEd)
implemented online and distance learning with the
use of modules.

The learning delivery modalities that
schools can adopt may be one or a
combination depending on the COVID-19
restrictions and the particular context of the
learners in the school or locality (Bamba, 2021).

1. Face- to face learning
- where the
teacher and learner/s are
physically in one venue during
lessons or classes.

1. Face-to-face learning is an instructional method where course content and
learning material are taught in person to a group of students.
This allows for a live interaction between a learner and an instructor.
It is the most traditional type of learning instruction.
Learners benefit from a greater level of interaction with their fellow
students as well.
In face-to-face learning, students are held accountable for their
progress at the class’s specific meeting date and time.
Face-to-face learning ensures a better understanding and recollection of
lesson content and gives class members a chance to bond with one another.

2. Blended Learning
This refers to a learning delivery
that combines face-to-face with any
or a mix of online distance
learning, modular distance
learning, and TV/Radio-based
Instruction.
2. Blended learning-
It will enable schools to limit face-to-face learning,
and at the same time, ensure social distancing and decrease
the volume of people outside the home at any given time.
Schools will have to consider for implementation the
production of the needed learning materials for both
teachers and learners (LR Portal and DepEd Commons will
be maximized), as well as the support of media institutions like
TV and radio stations.

2. Blended learning
Materials/gadgets students will

need/use: Digital format
•Computer, Tablet, Smartphone, CD/DVD,
USB, TV, Radio
•Printed Module
•Textbook, Activity sheets, Study guide
3. Technology based/ Online e- learning
Learners may also download materials from the internet,
complete and submit assignments online, attend webinars, and virtual
classes.
Tools/gadgets students will need:
1. Computer
2. Tablet
3. Smartphone
4. CD/DVD
5. USB
Teachers remotely deliver lessons to students using video-
sharing platforms such as Zoom, Google Meet, etc., and virtual
classrooms such as Google Classroom, Edmodo, and the likes.
The ODL relies heavily on the internet since it serves as a
facilitator between learner-teacher, as well as other peer-to-peer
communication.
ODL allows live synchronous instruction and is said to be more
interactive than the other types of distance learning modalities.
Participants on both ends can also respond in real-time.

Online learning is mainly broken down into
two categories: synchronous and asynchronous
learning.
Synchronous learning is a type of online
learning that happens in real-time.
Asynchronous learning occurs through online
channels without real-time interaction.
4. Distance Learning
Distance learning-where learning takes
place between the teacher and the learner who
are geographically remote from each other
during instruction.
Distance learning is not only limited to
online learning.

4.Distance Learning
This approach has three types of delivery modalities, depending on the
students’ available resources:
1. Online Distance Learning (ODL)
2. Modular Distance Learning (MDL)
3. Self-learning Module (TV/Radio-Based
Instruction).
Parents can also opt for homeschooling.

4.1.
Online Distance Learning - features the teacher
as facilitator, engaging learners’ active participation
through the use of various technologies accessed through
the internet while they are geographically remote from
each other during instruction.
The internet is used to facilitate learner-teacher

and peer-to-peer communication.

Online learning allows live synchronous instruction.
It requires participants to have good and stable internet connection.
It is more interactive than the other types of distance learning.
The responses are real time.
The learners may download materials from the internet, complete and
submit assignments online, attend webinars and virtual classes.
This is practiced effectively by using a Learning Management System or
related technologies. The DepEd Commons and LR Portal fall in this category.

4.2. Modular Distance Learning- involves individualized instruction that
allows learners to use self-learning modules (SLMs) in print or digital format/
electronic copy, whichever is applicable in the context of the learner, and other
learning resources like Learner’s Materials, textbooks, activity sheets, study
guides and other study materials.
Learners access electronic copies of learning materials on a computer,

tablet PC, or smartphone. CDs, DVDs, USB storage and computer-based
applications can all be used to deliver e-learning materials, including offline E-
books.

Teacher: Takes the responsibility of monitoring the progress
of the learners. The learners may ask assistance from the teacher
via e-mail, telephone, text message/instant messaging, etc.
Where possible, the teacher shall do home visits to learners

needing remediation or assistance.
Any member of the family or other stakeholder in the
community needs to serve as para-teachers.

4.2 Modular Distance Learning
Usually, teachers will have to deliver
appropriate learning materials.
However, students can also access these
materials by downloading electronic copies
through their computer, tablet PC, or
smartphone.
The typical setup of distance learning in the Philippines
involves modular learning.
Modular learning is a form of education with self-
learning modules that lets students learn at their own
pace.
In a distance learning format, students may get their
learning materials or modules via snail mail, e-mail, or the
internet.
Learning assessments can be in the form of written
exams or assignments, performance tasks, or portfolios.
Students can also ask for support through the
telephone, snail mail, e-mail, or instant messaging
applications used by their teachers.
Distance learning initially targeted non-

traditional learners, such as full-time employees or
those who couldn’t physically attend classroom
lectures. But now, distance education caters to
almost everyone.
4.3.TV- Radio Based Instruction
This utilizes SLMs converted to
video lessons for Television-Based
Instruction and SLMs converted to
radio scripts for Radio-Based
Instruction.
Distance learning modality is most viable for
independent learners, and learners supported by
periodic supervision of parents or guardians.
The challenge will be in dealing with
learners not capable of independent learning
(L.P. M. Bamba, 2021).

B.1. Formal Education ( Traditional)
Formal education is taught in the education

system, in schools, colleges and universities.
All these institutions follow an official curriculum
which covers the key lessons in key subjects such as
mathematics, grammar and science.
Students gain skills, theoretical and practical
knowledge and eventually, qualifications.
B.1. Formal Education ( Traditional)
Formal education is classroom-based, meaning everything a
student learns comes books and other educational materials with the
sole purpose of educating students.
All teachers are trained and licensed to teach children, and

they’re the same teachers the students will see every day to keep
their education and training consistent.
In the United States, attendance is mandatory and non-

optional for children ages 17 and below. If a child fails to show up
to class for several days in a row, they may be considered truant.

B. 2. ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM
1. WHAT IS ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM OR
ALS?
It is a parallel learning system in the

Philippines that provides a practical
option to the existing formal instruction.

B. 2. ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM
When one does not have or cannot access

formal education in schools,
ALS is an alternate or substitute.
ALS includes both the non-formal and
informal sources of knowledge and skills.

2. WHY IS THERE A NEED FOR ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM
IN THE PHILIPPINES?
*** Many Filipinos do not have a chance to attend and
finish formal basic education (Grades 1-6 and Year 1-4) due
to many reasons.
Some drop out from schools.
Some do not have schools in their communities.
***The Government establishes ALS to provide all
Filipinos the chance to have access to and complete basic
education in a mode that fits their distinct situations and
needs.
3. WHAT IS THE BASIS OF ALS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES?
The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides for the

recognition and promotion of other forms of education
other than formal education.
Article XIV, Section 2, Paragraph (1) declares that the
State shall establish, maintain and support a complete, adequate
and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the
people and society;
3. WHAT IS THE BASIS OF ALS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES?
and paragraph (4) concisely encourages non-formal, informal
and indigenous learning systems as well as self-learning, independent
and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to
community needs.
The Governance Act for Basic Education otherwise known as

the Republic Act 9155 stipulates the establishment of the Alternative
Learning System (ALS) to provide out-of-school children, youth and
adults population with basic education (DepEd.gov.ph)

4. HOW DOES ALS WORK?
Two major programs on ALS are being implemented
by the Department of Education, through the Bureau of
Alternative Learning System (BALS).
1. Basic Literacy Program
2. Continuing Education Program –
Accreditation and Equivalency (A&E).
*** Both programs are modular and flexible.
This means that learning can take place anytime and any
place, depending on the convenience and availability of the
learners.
5. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FORMAL
EDUCATION SYSTEM AND THE ALTERNATIVE LEARNING
SYSTEM (ALS) NON- FORMAL EDUCATION?
***Formal Education system is classroom-based, managed by
trained formal school teachers.
***ALS Non-formal Education happens outside the classroom,

community-based, usually conducted at community learning centers, barangay
multi-purpose hall, libraries or at home.
*** Managed by ALS learning facilitators, such as mobile teachers,
district ALS Coordinators, instructional managers at an agreed schedule and
venue between the learners and facilitators.

ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM
2.1. Non- formal Education
It is often provided to guarantee the right of
access to education for all.
Non-formal education can cover programs
contributing to adult and youth literacy and
education for out-of-school children, as well as
programs on life skills, work skills, and social or
cultural development.”
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NON-FORMAL EDUCATION AND
INFORMAL EDUCATION?
***To reach this marginalized group of learners, BALS

implements nonformal and informal education or education that
takes place outside the formal school system.
Republic Act 9155: Nonformal Education is “any organized,

systematic educational activity carried outside the framework of
the formal system to provide selected types of learning to a segment
of the population”.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NON-FORMAL
EDUCATION AND INFORMAL EDUCATION?
2.2 Informal Education - defined as “a

lifelong process of learning by which every person
acquires and accumulates knowledge, skills,
attitudes and insights from daily experiences at
home, at work, at play and from life itself”.
(DepEdrox1.ph)
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NON-FORMAL EDUCATION AND
INFORMAL EDUCATION?
BALS carries out two Nonformal Education Programs:

a) the Basic Literacy Program (BLP) for illiterates
b) Accreditation and Equivalency (A&E) System for elementary
and high school drop-outs.
BALS is currently setting up the Informal Education Curriculum that

will include self-interest and life experiences programs.
Initially, it has already developed a special curriculum for indigenous
peoples (IPs).
With this construct, greater learning needs will b e addressed and funneled to
promote lifelong learning in all streams of education.
WHAT IS THE MOBILE TEACHER PROGRAM AND WHO ARE THE MOBILE
TEACHERS?
The ALS Programs are carried out by ALS Mobile Teachers and
District ALS Coordinators in the 17 regions of the country.
Both are DepED employed and hold regular teacher items.
`(DepEdrox1.ph)
Mobile Teachers are “specialized” teachers who live among

the people in remote barangays of the country conduct the BLP for
illiterate out-of-school youth and adults who are willing to learn basic
literacy skills and Accreditation and Equivalency (a continuing
education) for those who left formal school system or have no access
to schools.
WHAT IS THE MOBILE TEACHER PROGRAM AND WHO ARE THE
MOBILE TEACHERS?
The District ALS Coordinators are

primarily designated to harmonize ALS
initiatives in a district.
However, just like the Mobile Teachers, they
also serve as facilitators in the delivery of the Basic
Literacy Program and the Accreditation and
Equivalency
Presentation Title
Program. Author, Date | Page no.
B.3. Alternative Delivery Modes (ADMs) –
are tried and tested alternative modalities of
education delivery within the confines of the formal
system that allow schools to deliver quality
education to marginalized students and those at
risk of dropping out in order to help them
overcome personal, social, and economic
constraints in their schooling.
The learning resources for the K to 12
program are also used for ADMs.
However, distance or blended learning
may require learning resources that are
designed for independent or self-paced
study.
These may be in the form of modules
made available through ICT or other
technological tools.
The ADM’s of DepEd are:
1. Home school
2. Instructional Management by Parents,
Community and Teachers (IMPACT)
3. MISOSA- Modified In- school Off-school
Approach
4. Night High School
5. Open High School
3.1. MISOSA- is an Alternative Delivery Mode of education
meant to address the problem of congestion - overcrowding
due to classrooms and teachers' shortage resulting to big
class size, less contact time with pupils, absenteeism and
insufficient learning materials.
If left unaddressed results to poor school performance
in terms of learning achievement, participation and
completion rates.
MISOSA aims to: solve congestion in schools with big
enrolment, and address the needs of children: habitual /
seasonal

3.1. MISOSA-
- involves subdividing congested
classes (with more than 50 students)
in Grades 4, 5, and 6 into an in-
School Group with classroom and
subject teachers and an Off-School
Group with para- or volunteer
teachers.
3.2. E- IMPACT
- isa technology-enhanced ADM that addresses issues in

accessibility and quality of education in schools handled by
a few teachers teaching multigrade classes, and allows
learners who are otherwise prone to prolonged or seasonal
absences to enter and exit when needed, learning from
modules with the support of fellow learners, family
members, and the community, and their
progress/advancement measured via mastery tests taken in
the school.
3.3 OHSP- Open High School Program
The Open High School Program (OHSP) is an

alternative mode of delivering secondary education for both
public and private schools.
It puts premium on independent, self-pacing and
flexible study to reach learners who are unable to start or
complete secondary education due to problems of time,
distance, physical impairment, financial difficulties, social or
family problems (DepEd, 2023)

3.3 The Open High School Program aims to:
1. retain in school potential dropouts

2. encourage out-of-school youth of high school
age (12-16) to return to school
3. contribute to the accomplishment of the Education
For All (EFA 2015) target which is 100%
participation rate and zero dropout rate by 2015.

3.4 Home school
Introduced in 1997, the Homeschooling

Program is designed as one of the ADMs
offered by any public or private school as a
response to the needs of learners who are unable
to attend formal school due to medical conditions
or family circumstances.
The Homeschooling Program is designed as one
among the Alternative Delivery Modes which may be offered
by any public or private school as a response to the need of
learners who cannot regularly report to school due to medical
conditions, family situations, and difficult circumstances that
require more regular parental support and supervision, and for
learners whose parents opt them to educate at home by
themselves.
It also actualizes Sustainable Development Goal No.
4, which aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality
education with the parents taking full responsibility for the
education of their children.
Homeschools in the Philippines
1.Home School Global

2. Catholic Filipino Academy
3. Kairos Home school Academy

4. B. U.I. L. D. Christian School
5. Peniel Integrated Christian Academy of Rizal


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Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

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Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

Materials/gadgets students will

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

The internet is used to facilitate learner-teacher

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

Learners access electronic copies of learning materials on a computer,

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

Where possible, the teacher shall do home visits to learners

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

Distance learning initially targeted non-

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

Formal education is taught in the education

All teachers are trained and licensed to teach children, and

In the United States, attendance is mandatory and non-

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

It is a parallel learning system in the

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

When one does not have or cannot access

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

The 1987 Philippine Constitution provides for the

The Governance Act for Basic Education otherwise known as

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

***ALS Non-formal Education happens outside the classroom,

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

***To reach this marginalized group of learners, BALS

Republic Act 9155: Nonformal Education is “any organized,

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

2.2 Informal Education - defined as “a

BALS carries out two Nonformal Education Programs:

BALS is currently setting up the Informal Education Curriculum that

Mobile Teachers are “specialized” teachers who live among

The District ALS Coordinators are

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

- isa technology-enhanced ADM that addresses issues in

The Open High School Program (OHSP) is an

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

1. retain in school potential dropouts

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

Introduced in 1997, the Homeschooling

1.Home School Global

3. Kairos Home school Academy

Presentation Title Author, Date | Page no.

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