Assessment 1 Part B:

Audio/Visual Presentation
NUTR2005 Lifespan Nutrition
By
Kushani
 Activity 1: Childhood obesity
• The WHO is concerned with the increasing cases of obesity in children.
• More cases of childhood obesity cases are prevalent in middle and low-income
countries.
• Between 2010 and 2014, prevalence of obesity was 19.7% and affected about 14.7
million children and adolescents.
• Obesity prevalence was 12.7% among 2- to 5-year-olds, 20.7% among 6- to 11-year-
olds, and 22.2% among 12- to 19-year-olds (Schroeder et al., 2021).
• In African region alone, the number of obese children increased from 4 million in 1990
to 12 million in 2012.
 Activity 1: Childhood obesity
• Obese children are a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases and sleep problems that may
interfere with school performance
• Childhood obesity is caused by mainly unhealthy heating habits, low level of physical activity
among other factors.
• Mothers should ensure healthy weight gain during pregnancy, practice exclusive breast feeding
from birth to six months and ensure access to locally available foods.
• Focus on reducing socioeconomic inequalities that contribute to unhealthy eating habits and
limited physical activity opportunities (Dietz & Baur, 2022).
• Encourage regular physical activity through various means, such as school-based programs,
workplace wellness initiatives, and community engagement.
 Activity 3: Nutrition and ageing
a. The importance of sufficient protein intake in the elderly

• Muscle Health and Strength (Nishimura et al., 2023):

• Wound Healing and Tissue Repair:
• Bone Health:
• Nutrient Absorption and Metabolism:
• Appetite Regulation and Weight Management:
• Immune Function:
 b. Protein needs in the elderly (current Australian
recommendations), are there limitations to these
recommendations?
• Some limitations of the current Australian recommendations include:
1. Lack of Age-Specific Recommendations:
2. Heterogeneity of the Elderly Population:
• The current body of scientific evidence suggests that older adults may benefit from higher protein
intake than what is recommended for younger adults.
• Several studies have indicated that protein intakes higher than the current recommendations (e.g., 1.2-
1.6 grams per kilogram of body weight per day) may be associated with better muscle protein
synthesis, muscle mass preservation, and functional outcomes in the elderly (Nishimura et al., 2023).
• The change in the Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) for protein in the elderly compared to adults is
based on the recognition that older adults have different physiological characteristics and needs
(Rizzoli et al., 2021).
 c. What might a diet look like that has sufficient
protein levels for an elderly person?
• Breakfast:
• Scrambled eggs (2 large eggs): Approximately 12 grams of protein.
• Greek yogurt (1 cup): Approximately 20 grams of protein.
• Whole grain toast (2 slices): Approximately 8 grams of protein.
• Total protein intake: Approximately 40 grams.
• Lunch:
• Grilled chicken breast (4 ounces): Approximately 30 grams of protein.
• Quinoa (1/2 cup cooked): Approximately 4 grams of protein.
• Mixed vegetables (such as broccoli, carrots, and bell peppers): Approximately 2-4 grams of protein.
• Total protein intake: Approximately 36-38 grams.
 c. What might a diet look like that has sufficient
protein levels for an elderly person?

• Dinner:
• Baked salmon fillet (4 ounces): Approximately 25 grams of protein.
• Brown rice (1/2 cup cooked): Approximately 2 grams of protein.
• Steamed asparagus: Approximately 2-4 grams of protein.
• Total protein intake: Approximately 29-31 grams.
• Snacks:
• Almonds (1 ounce): Approximately 6 grams of protein.
• Cottage cheese (1/2 cup): Approximately 14 grams of protein.
• Total protein intake: Approximately 20 grams.
 d. If an elderly person is highly active and trains
regularly – how might this impact their protein
needs?
• If an elderly person is highly active and engages in regular training or physical
activity, their protein needs may increase compared to those who are less active
(Nishimura et al., 2023).
• Physical activity, particularly resistance exercise, stimulates muscle protein
synthesis and can lead to increased muscle mass and strength.
• The exact protein needs for highly active elderly individuals can vary
depending on the intensity, duration, and type of exercise, as well as individual
factors such as body weight, muscle mass, and overall health status (Rizzoli et
al., 2021).
 Activity 5: Nutrition in special needs
groups
• a.
• Life Expectancy: There is a significant gap in life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.
• Chronic Disease Statistics: Indigenous Australians face higher rates of chronic diseases compared to their non-
Indigenous counterparts (Al Sayed et al., 2020).
• Cardiovascular Diseases: Indigenous Australians have higher rates of cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease
and stroke, compared to non-Indigenous Australians (Ismail et al., 2022).
• Diabetes: Indigenous Australians have a significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes compared to non-
Indigenous Australians (Al Sayed et al., 2020).
• Respiratory Diseases: Indigenous Australians experience higher rates of respiratory diseases, including asthma,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia.
• Kidney Disease: Indigenous Australians have a higher prevalence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and require
dialysis or kidney transplantation at higher rates than non-Indigenous Australians (Ismail et al., 2022).
 Activity 5: Nutrition in special needs
groups
• Two nutritional components that contribute to the health disparities
between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians are:
• Diet Quality: Poor diet quality is a significant factor contributing to the higher rates
of chronic diseases among Indigenous Australians (Ismail et al., 2022).
• Disparities in Nutrient Intake: Indigenous Australians also face disparities in nutrient
intake, including deficiencies and imbalances (Al Sayed et al., 2020).
• The ABS National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey 2018-19
reported that Indigenous adults had lower average daily intakes of key nutrients such
as calcium, iron, and folate compared to non-Indigenous adults (Ismail et al., 2022).
 References
• Al Sayed, M. N., Mostafa, M. S., Gebaly, H. H. E., Mohamed, R. S., & Kastandy, M. R. (2020). Nutritional reflection on
growth and development among intellectually disabled children. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 44(1), 1-7.
• Dietz, W. H., & Baur, L. A. (2022). The Prevention of Childhood Obesity. Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children, 323-
338.
• Ismail, L. C., Qiyas, S. A., Mohamad, M. N., Osaili, T. M. I., Obaid, R. R. S., Saleh, S. T., ... & Hashim, M. S. (2022).
Nutrition knowledge of caregivers working in health and education centers for children with special healthcare
needs. Advances in Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1(3), 144-155.
• Nishimura, Y., Højfeldt, G., Breen, L., Tetens, I., & Holm, L. (2023). Dietary protein requirements and recommendations
for healthy older adults: a critical narrative review of the scientific evidence. Nutrition research reviews, 36(1), 69-85.
• Rizzoli, R., Biver, E., & Brennan-Speranza, T. C. (2021). Nutritional intake and bone health. The lancet Diabetes &
endocrinology, 9(9), 606-621.
• Schroeder, K., Schuler, B. R., Kobulsky, J. M., & Sarwer, D. B. (2021). The association between adverse childhood
experiences and childhood obesity: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 22(7), e13204.
THE END
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