Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Neuroscience Anxiety Disorder
Neuroscience Anxiety Disorder
Neuroscience Anxiety Disorder
UNDERLYING
ANXIETY DISORDER
PRESENTER : DR. VIGNESH H
CHAIRED BY: DR. VIJAYAKRISHNAN Y
OVERVIEW
• Olfactory input enters cortical and medial nuclei of amygdala via direct projection from
olfactory bulb
• Amygdalar projection of LA to Basal and Acessory basal nuclei & Central nuclei of
Amygdala
• Basal nucleus –Intranuclear connection to other amygdalar nuclei and also share prjection
with orbital and medial Prefrontal cortex
• Central nucleus receive convergent input from multiple amygdala region and organise
behavioural response
Central nucleus project to nuclei in Hypothalamus, midbrain and medulla mediate
Autonomic and behavioural response associated with fear
• Multiple areas of medial and orbital prefrontal cortex- modulate anxiety and other
emotional behaviors.
• Peripheral hormonal and autonomic rezponse to threat mediated by HPA axis and
sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS facilitate generation of adaptive response to threat
or stress
DURING ACQUISITION
level of cortisol
Activation of CRH neurons trigers fear related behaviors.
• Dopamine
Dopamine is released in response to acute stress in amygdala, nucleus accumbens, mPFC
Prefrontal dopamine neurons are involved in facilitating the extinction of conditioned fear
response
• Serotonin
Serotonin hypothesis: anxiogenic action on PFC and amygdala
anxiolytic action on dorsal periacqueductal gray
• GABA
Studies of panic disorder patients –Reduced GABA and benzidiazepine binding in areas
such as cortex, hippocampus and insula
• Neurosteroids
Highly selective and positive allosteric modulators of GABA receptor, thereby making
potential anxiolytic
• Glutamate
Studies suggest that panic might arise from imbalance between GABA inhibition and
glutamate mediated excitation
• Others
Neuropeptide Y
Galanin
Cholecystokinin
Oxytocin
Arginine vassopressin
Endocannabinoid system
NEUROIMAGING STUDIES OF ANXIETY
DISORDER
• Panic Disorder
Neuroimaging data suggests associated with abnormalities in hippocampal at rest;
during panic attack reduced activity in widespread
cortical region including PFC
• Specific Phobia
Imaging finding –Activation of anterior paralimbic region
fMRI data suggests that amygdala hyperresponsivity occurs selectively to phobia relevant
stimuli
• Social Anxiety Disorder
Patient with SAD –altered response to social, but not non social stimuli
For eg. fMRI study found that hyperresponsivity of amygdala was selective for face
stimuli
in patients with SAD
• Generalised Anxiety Disorder
It has been hypothesised that patient with GAD may display alterd BNST function in
addition to amygdala changes.
fMRI studies-Participant with GAD failed to normalise activation of ACC and mPFC
REFERENCE