Report on Image Processing

By Manan Rawat

Representation
1.1 Image :

1. Image is an representation(discrete) of intensity of colour and spatial layout.

2. Image is represented in 2 Dimensional where m,n designates row and column respectively.
3. The colour of an image is defined by intensity of a pixel at a particular location. At each pixel
contains a value and then the value is convereted to display image with help of colour map(grey
scale,false colour).
1.2 Colour Map :

1. Grey scale which assign shades of gray from black (zero) to white (maximum) according to the
signal level.Grey scale is 8 bits.
2. False colour helps to identify certain features and structures for human observer.Application
medical and astronomical image.Colour is 24 bit.
3. True colour images where the full spectrum of colours can be represented as a triplet vector,
typically the (R,G,B) component at a pixel location.
1.3 Resolution: is defined as the 2-D pixel grid together with the data size stored for each individual
image pixel determine the resolution.
The resolution of image can be specified in term of three quantities:

1 : Spatial Resolution - is represented by C(column) X R(row) which tell the number of pixel
determined by the image. Eg 1024 x 768 .
2: Temporal Resolution - is generally used to capture a vedio in frames per second , where each
image is referred to as vedio frame.
3: Bit resolution - is defined as no of binary bits required to store a quantisation . Binary is 2 bits.

Bits Plane Slicing a method of expressing an image in which each pixel is represented by one or more
bits of the byte. To incorporate hidden data in any slice of eight slices, the BPS approach requires a
bit slicing algorithm. Each pixel is represented by 8 bits in this approach. It is an effective way to
restore an image in which there could be some noise due to image compression(which could
effective the quality of the image).
1.4 Image Format -> It basically means to store an image in form of 2 Dimensional Array numbers
and contains file header and actual pixel values in them. Our aim is to compress the image by means
of compression techniques(Lossy,lossless) so that image acquire less space and could be easily
transmitted through a safe channel without effecting the quality of image.There are different type of
image format they as under:-
1. GIF (Graphic Interchange Format ) is an raster file format which is used for basic
animation, they basically limited to 256 grey colour.
2. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is commonly used in digital cameras to store high
quality of image,it can store 24 bit RGB colour and use lossy compression technique.
3. BMP(Basic Bitmap Format) The BMP file format can Store data as two diminesional digital
images in both monochrome as well as colour format with various colour depths.
4. PNG (Portable Network Graphics) is commonly used by web designer cause it is an
adaptable file format which is capable of storing wide range of formats and also it can
transparent and semi transparent the background.
1.5 Image Data Types which stores the datatype but also give the choice of image format.

1. Binary Image are 2 D array image which give a value from a given set that is from 0 or 1 to
each pixel in an image.0-> for black image and 1-> for white Image.
2. Grey scale Image are 2 D arrays which have a numerical value at a particular location to
determine intensity at that location.
3. RGB or true colour The Specification provides a method for storing and representing
image information using the RGB colour space in such a way that a vey large number of
shades ,colour and hues can be defined in an image, which results in image and graphics
with very high quality image.
4. Floating Point Image is different from other as it does not store an integer value instead it
store an floating point number