DIMENSIONS OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT

DEVELOPMENT

A. Prenatal
B. Physical Dimension
1. Infancy and Toddlerhood
2. Early Childhood
3. Middle Childhood
4. Late Childhood
5. Adolescence
Prenatal

• Prenatal development is defined as the process of growth and

development within the womb from fertilization until birth.
Stages of Prenatal

Source: https://www.verywellmind.com/
Germinal

• The germinal stage of pregnancy starts at the time of conception,

when the sperm and the egg combine to form a zygote.

Zygote - is the fertilized egg

Embryonic
The embryonic stage lasts from about the third week of pregnancy until the
eighth week of pregnancy. The blastocyst begins to take on distinct human
characteristics. It's now called an embryo. Structures and organs like the
neural tube (which later becomes the brain and spinal cord), head, eyes,
mouth and limbs form.

Embryo – is the earliest development stage of a

multicellular organism that occurs after it
becomes a fetus.
Three layers of blastocyst

Ectoderm: Skin and nervous system

Endoderm: Digestive and respiratory systems

Mesoderm: Muscle and skeletal systems

Fetal

• lasts from week nine until birth. During this stage, the fetus will
continue to develop organs, including the brain and spinal cord.
Between weeks nine and 12, the fetus will begin to make
movements with their arms and legs.
Physical Dimension

• Physical development is one of the many domains of infant and

toddler development. It relates to the growth and skill of
development in the body, including the brain, muscles, and senses.
Infancy and Toddlerhood
Infancy and Toddlerhood

• Infant and toddler physical development occurs rapidly over the first
years of a child’s life.
• Infants develop physically from the top down, starting with their
head and neck.
• At birth, an infant has a very difficult time holding up their head
because their neck muscles are not strong enough to provide
support.
• It is essential that caregivers understand the various stages of infant
and toddler physical development so that they can respond to
children’s needs appropriately.
 Physical development of Infant and Toddler
Milestones

FOUR MONTHS

• holds head steady without support

• Pushes down on legs when feet are on a hard surface
• Rolls over from tummy to back
• Holds and shakes toys; swings at dangling toys
• Brings hands to mouth
 Physical development of Infant and Toddler
Milestones

SIX MONTHS

• Rolls over both from stomach to back and from back to stomach
• Begins to sit with stomach
• Support weight on legs when standing and might bounce
 Physical development of Infant and Toddler
Milestones

NINE MONTHS

• Crawls
• Sits without support
• Pulls to Stand
 Physical development of Infant and Toddler
Milestones

ONE YEAR

• Moves in sitting position without support

• Pulls up to stand and walks alone while holding onto furniture
 Physical development of Infant and Toddler
Milestones

• EIGHTEEN MONTHS
• Walks alone
• Runs
• Pulls toys while walking
• Drinks from cup
• Eat with a spoon
 Physical development of Infant and Toddler
Milestones

TWO YEARS

• Kicks a ball
• Begins to runs
• Throws ball overhand
• Draws or copies straight lines and circles
Early Childhood

• 1 – 6 YEARS OLD
• Physical development in early childhood includes gross and fine motor skills. Gross
motor skills are large movements such as running, jumping, and climbing that use
large muscle groups. Fine motor skills are small movements such as buttoning,
zipping, and feeding that requires hand strength and dexterity.
Middle Childhood

• 6 – 12 YEARS OLD
• During middle childhood, children's muscle strength, motor skills, and stamina
increase. Children acquire the motor skills necessary to perform complex
movements, allowing them to participate in a variety of physical activities.
Late Childhood

• 6 – 12 YEARS OLD
• Rates of growth generally slow during these years. Typically, a child will gain about
5-7 pounds a year and grow about 2-3 inches per year. They also tend to slim down
and gain muscle strength and lung capacity making it possible to engage in
strenuous physical activity for long periods of time.
Adolescence

• 12 – 18 YEARS OLD
• Physical changes of puberty mark the onset of adolescence. These changes
include a growth spurt in height, growth of pubic and underarm hair, and skin
changes (e.g., pimples). Males experience growth in facial hair and a deepening
of their voice. Females experience breast development and begin menstruating.
Thank you!