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DIA4013
CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

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 CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS

Lecture by: Lalita Anbarasen

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO
THINKING SKILLS
 CHAPTER 1
In this chapter, students will learn:

I.Problem Analysis Techniques

II.Lateral Thinking Skills
III.Brainstorming
IV.Idea Evaluation
V.De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
VI.The Idea of Generation Process
Thinking Skills

• The term ’thinking skills’ refers to the specific mental and cognitive
processes that a person draws upon to think effectively.

• Basically, thinking skills are what we use in our heads to solve

problem, infer and making hypothesis.
What Are Involve in Thinking Skills?

Focus

•Focus helps to start a task without procrastinating and the maintain his
attention and effort until it’s done.

•People with executive functioning difficulties have problems in getting started

and sustaining their attention and effort to a variety of tasks.
What Are Involve in Thinking Skills?

Working Memory

•Working memory helps to recall and retain information in his mind while
working.

•Difficulty in working memory impairs the capacity to follow directions and learn
new activities both at home and school.
What Are Involve in Thinking Skills?

Self-Control

•Self-control helps you to manage the feelings and behavior and stop oneself
from acting inappropriately.

•Difficulties in regulating feelings and behavior are often present. Moodiness,

impulsivity and unpredictable behavior are observed.
What Are Involve in Thinking Skills?
Time Management

•Time management helps an individual to be aware of his use of time and to

manage her schedule and tasks efficiently.

•Those who may have difficulty managing their lives at age-appropriate level.

•Time management difficulties can manifest themselves as the 10-year-old who

is unable to get ready for school in the morning independently, or as the teen
who cannot manage more than two competing activities.
What Are Involve in Thinking Skills?

Planning

•Planning helps people to develop a systematic approach for setting and

achieving goals by understanding step-by-step processes.

•Some may experience difficulties in completing step-by-step procedures and

may often struggle in setting any type of future goals.
What Are Involve in Thinking Skills?

Organization

•Organization helps person to arrange and coordinate materials and activities in

order to complete a task.

•Some may have problem with keeping track of their material and may
frequently will lose things necessarily at home or school.
What Are Involve in Thinking Skills?

Flexibility

•Flexibility helps people to adapt to changing conditions and expectations

without becoming frustrated.

•Some people may have difficulty adapting to new situations. Those who
struggle to learn from their mistakes.
5 TYPES OF THINKING

• Analytical Thinking
• Implemental Thinking
• Practical Thinking
• Critical Thinking
• Creative Thinking
PROBLEM ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

• Problem analysis techniques involves identifying the overriding

problem and establish the causes and effects related to that
problem.

• There are several tools that can be used to analyze the problems.
PROBLEM ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

• Fishbone diagrams
• Flowcharts
• Strategy maps
• Mental maps
• Concept maps
STEP FOR PROBLEM ANALYSIS

1. Understand the problem.

2. Breakdown the problem into smaller parts.
3. Define problems goals
4. Decide how to measure progress towards goals.
LATERAL THINKING SKILLS

•Lateral thinking is a term coined in 1967 by Edward de Bono, is the

process of solving a problem using an unusual or creative approach.

•Example of lateral thinking is applied when solving the classical

riddle.
LATERAL THINKING SKILLS – EVERYDAY
LIFE APPLICATION
•For example, you want to unsticking a frozen car door.

•It's time to think outside the box. Heating the key is an obvious solution, but
that doesn't always work.

•A lateral thinker can draw from a wide range of resources and knowledge
to solve problems others wouldn’t.

•Rubbing alcohol, for example, can also unfreeze locks.

BRAINSTORMING

•Brainstorming is the process of free thinking and generating ideas without

being bound by restraint such as “is this a good or bad idea?”

•Its also a way to generate ideas within a group setting.

•It is usually used in the beginning stages of a project, where the possibilities for
the project are not clearly understood or defined.
BRAINSTORMING – HOW TO IMPLEMENT?
• Give a solid quality ideas
• Encourage everyone to participate
• Encourage freewheeling and expression of different ideas
• Do not criticize or evaluate ideas
• Build upon other group members ideas
• Record ideas accurately during the session
BRAINSTORMING – HERE’S AN EXAMPLE

Say, you work in the design team of a consumer goods

company. Your organization is launching a new product and your
team is responsible for packaging. Now, your manager will most
likely schedule a brainstorming session where you can play around
with potential designs
THE IDEA GENERATION PROCESS

• Idea generation is described as the process of creating,

developing and communicating abstract, concrete or visual ideas.

• It’s the front-end part of the idea management funnel and it

focuses on producing possible solutions to perceived or actual
problems and opportunities.
THE IDEA GENERATION PROCESS

• Ideas are the first step towards making improvement. People

making progress as individual human beings depends on new
ideas.

• New ideas can help people to move forward if they feel stuck with
a task or unable to solve a certain problem.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
GENERATING IDEAS
Idea Challenge

•Idea challenge is a focused form of innovation where you raise a problem or

opportunity with the hopes of producing creative solutions.

•The point of idea challenge is to participate in ideation and generate ideas

around a pre-defined theme for a limited period.

•It allows you to form a specific question and direct that question at a specific
audience to receive new ideas and unique insights.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
GENERATING IDEAS
Idea Challenge

•Before setting up an idea challenge, it’s important to define what you want to
accomplish with it.

•Because there are two types of idea challenges, problem centric

and solution centric approaches, you should first clarify whether you’re looking
to identify challenges or develop potential solutions for them.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
GENERATING IDEAS
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
GENERATING IDEAS
Idea Challenge

•Keep in mind that idea challenge is the best technique when you need to
generate lots of new ideas.

•It may not be the most effective way to generate ideas if you only involve a few
experts in your ideation process as it’s proven to be more useful for engaging
large audiences.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
GENERATING IDEAS
Idea Challenge

•Although idea challenge enables you to gather lots of ideas fast, careful
planning takes time and might not be worth the effort if there are no resources
to execute it properly.

•Also, right timing is necessary for it to succeed.

TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
GENERATING IDEAS
SCAMPER Technique

•This technique is created by Bob Eberle, and is a method used for problem-
solving and creative thinking.

•It’s a holistic way of applying critical thinking to modify ideas, concepts or

processes that already exist. The purpose of the SCAMPER is to adjust some
parts of the existing idea or process to reach the best solution.

•It consists of seven actions that can be used to replace parts in the process:
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
GENERATING IDEAS
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
GENERATING IDEAS
1. Substitute – Refers to replacing a part of your product, concept or process
with another to achieve even better outcome.

2. Combine – This technique explores the possibility to combine two ideas into
a single, more effective solution.

3. Adapt – Adaptation analyses the possibilities to make the process more

flexible and focuses on other similar incremental improvements to
the
idea, process or concept.
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
GENERATING IDEAS
4. Modify – Modifying the idea looks at the problem or opportunity from a bigger
perspective and aims for improving the overall results, not just the
idea.
 END OF CHAPTER 3

THANK YOU

Intellectual Property Rights

Unless otherwise indicated, this Material is our propriety property and all source code, databases, functionality, software , website
designs, audio, video, text, photographs, and graphics on the Material are owned or controlled by Kolej UNiKOP. And are protected by
copyright and various other intellectual property rights.