Ray Optics

Explore the fascinating world of Ray Optics in this

comprehensive presentation. From the basics to
applications, discover how light behaves and interacts with
various mediums.
KC - By Kshitij Chandel
Introduction to Ray Optics
Overview:
Optics is a branch of physics that deals with the determination of
behaviour band the properties of light, along with its interactions with
the matter and also with the instruments which are used to detect it.

Basic Principles
Ray optics deals with the geometry of the light. Light always travels
in a straight line, and the direction in which the light rays propagate is
called the ray of light. In ray optics, we will study the image formed
by mirrors, lenses and prisms.
Reflection and Refraction
Reflection
Reflection is the phenomenon in which
the light travelling in one medium that
gets incident on the surface of the
second medium returns to the first
medium, obeying the laws of
reflection. The light rays will get
reflected from the polished surface.
Refraction
The bending of light when it passes
from one medium to another is called
Refraction . This property of refraction
is used in a number of devices like
microscopes, magnifying lenses,
corrective lenses, and so on
Law of Reflection and Snell's Law
1 Law of Reflection
a) Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
b) The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the
surface all lie
2 in the same
Snell's Law plane.
It states that the ratio of sines of the angles of incidence and
refraction is constant while refraction for two given media.

(sin i/sin r) = constant

Total Internal Reflection
Definition
The phenomenon which occurs when
the light rays travel from a more
optically denser medium to a less
optically denser medium with angle of
incidence greater than critical angle.
Prisms and Fiber optics
The ray of light comprises different and is color so
called white light. When the white light crosses through
a prism, it is disintegrated into the colors it comprises,
which is violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and
red. This procedure is also termed as dispersion that
Applications of Ray Optics

1 Mirrors
Use of convex mirror in the
rear view mirror of any
Lenses 2 vehicle to obtain
Used in camera lenses diminished, virtual and
because they focus light for erect image
a clear picture.
(Convex Lens) 3 Optical Fibers
Light is transmitted through
optical fibers to
revolutionize
Eye 4 communication systems,
While the cornea is a lens with fixed enabling high-speed data
optical power, the crystalline lens is an transfer.
active optical element. It changes its (TIR)
shape, modifying its optical power and,
therefore, the whole eye's power. This is
the basis of the mechanism of
Conclusion
Based on the property of reflection and refraction many optical instruments have been
designed to understand the behavior of light. Based on TIR, the phenomenon like mirage,
transmission through Optical Fiber, property of diamonds could be well understood. Likewise other
optical instruments like microscope, telescope, etc. has been designed to help in the advancement
of technology and research studies.
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