Asepsis

JERBIES E. LLAMES, RN
RESIDENT FLORA- microorganism that is
normal in one part of the body, yet produces
infection in another. ex. E. Coli which is
usually present in the large intestine, but
may cause UTI
INFECTION- growth of microorganism in
body tissue where they are not usually
found, also called as infectious agent . if it
does not cause a disease, it is called
asymptomatic or subclinical infection
DISEASE- detectable alteration in normal
tissue function

VIRULENCE- is the ability of the

microorganism to produce a disease
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE- direct or indirect
transmission of infectious agent, or as an
airborne

PATHOGENECITY- is the ability to produce

disease
TRUE PATHOGEN- causes a disease in a
healthy person

OPPURTUNISTC PATHOGEN- causes a

disease only in a susceptible individuals
ASEPSIS- freedom from a disease-causing
microorganism

MEDICAL ASEPSIS- intended to confine a

specific microorganism to a specific area,
limiting the number, growth, and
transmission of microorganims

“clean or dirty”
ASEPSIS- freedom from a disease-causing
microorganism

MEDICAL ASEPSIS- intended to confine a

specific microorganism to a specific area,
limiting the number, growth, and
transmission of microorganims

“clean or dirty”
ASEPSIS- freedom from a disease-causing
microorganism

MEDICAL ASEPSIS- intended to confine a

specific microorganism to a specific area,
limiting the number, growth, and
transmission of microorganims

“clean or dirty”
SURGICAL ASEPSIS- or sterile technique,
means free from all microorganisms,
including the spores. used for procedures
invloving the sterile areas of the body

SEPSIS- condition in which acute organ

dysfunction occurs secondary to infection
TYPES OF MICROORGANISM
THAT CAUSE INFECTION

BACTERIA
VIRUS
FUNGI
PARASITES
BACTERIA
 most significant and most common
 categorized by
 shape : spherical (cocci)
rod shaped (bacilli)
corkscrew (spirochetes)

“
BACTERIA
 gram positive, with thick cell wall that resists
decolorization and are stained violet
 gram negative, more complex walls and can be
decolorized by an alcohol, do not stain

“
BACTERIA
 also characterized base on the need for oxygen
 aerobic and anaerobic

“
VIRUS
 the smallest, visible only with an electron microscope
 AIDS
 antibiotics have no effect
 antivirals can be used esp during the prodromal stage,
to shorten the full stage of the illness

“
VIRUS
 consist primarily of nucleic acid and must enter the
living cells in order to reproduce
 rhinovirus(colds), hepatitis, herpes

“
FUNGI
 includes yeasts and molds (plant like organisms
 candida albicans is a yeast to be normal flora in the
human vagina
 present in the air, soil, water
 athlete's foot, ring worm and yeast infection
 treated with antifungal meds
“
PARASITES
 live on the other organism
 protozoa such as causing malaria, worms, mites, fleas,
ticks

“
COLONIZATION
 strains of
microorg become
resident flora
TYPES OF INFECTION
LOCAL
 limited to a small body
part

SYSTEMIC-
 spread and damage
differents part of the
body
TYPES OF INFECTION
BACTEREMIA
 person's blood reveal
microorganism

SEPTICEMIA
 bacteremia that results in
systemic infection
TYPES OF INFECTION
ACUTE

CHRONIC
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

 infections that originate in the hospital

 may develop during the pts stay in the facility
 or after discharge
 a sub group of HAIs
 microorg may originate from the client themselves
(endogenous) or from the hospital envnmt (exogenous)
IATROGENIC INFECTIONS

infections as a direct result from a diagnostic or

therapeutic procedures
Chain
Of
INFECT
 ETIOLOGIC AGENT
The organism's potential to produce a disease in a
person depends on the ff factors:
1. number of organisms
2. virulence of the organims
3. competence of the immune system
4. length and intimacy of the contact between the
person and the microorganism
 RESERVOIR
 The sources of microorganisms
 people are the most common source of infection
 carrier is a person or animal reservoir that do not
manifest a clinical sign of a disease
 the natural habitat of the organism
 animals, soil, food, water, milk
 PORTAL OF EXIT FROM RESERVOIR
 The point of escape of org from the reservoir
 includes the respiratory, GI, and genitourinary,
breaks in the skin, blood and tissue
 METHOD OF TRANSMISION
 Direct
 Indirect
 Vehicle borne
 vector borne
 airborne
 PORTAL OF EXIT FROM RESERVOIR
 Droplet- as direct transmission, occurs only when
the distance between the source and the host is
within 1 meter (3ft)
 sneezing, coughing, spitting, singing or taking can
project a droplet into the conjunctiva or mucous
membrane of the eyes, nose or mouth
 greater than 5um, while aairborne is less than
5um.
PORTAL OF ENTRY TO THE SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

 the point at which the orgs enter a new host, or it

may die
 SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

 at risk for infection

 Compromised host
 STAGES OF INFECTION
INCUBATION PERIOD-
 interval between the pathogen's invasion of the body and the
apperance of symptoms on infection
 orgs are growing and multiplying
 lenght varies, ex. colds 1-2 days, tetanus 2-21 days
 STAGES OF INFECTION
PRODROMAL STAGE
 person is most infectious
 early signs and symptoms are present but vague and
nonspecific, ranging from fatigue and malaise
 last several hours to days
 pt does not realize that he is contagious= spread infection
 STAGES OF INFECTION
FULL STAGE
 with SPECIFIC S and S
 STAGES OF INFECTION
CONVALESCENT PERIOD
 the recovery period
 DEFENSES VS INFECTION
NONSPECIFIC
 protect the person from all microorg, regardless of prior
exposure

SPECIFIC (immune)
 directed against indentifiable bacteria, fungi, virus
 DEFENSES VS INFECTION
NONSPECIFIC
 ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIER
 intact skin and mucous menbranes
 nasal passages
 body orifice
 eyes
 vagina
 DEFENSES VS INFECTION
NONSPECIFIC
 INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
 Inflammation is a local and nonspecific defensove response
of the tissue to an injurious or infectious agent
 destroys or dilutes the injurious agent
 prevent further spread of the injury
 repair of the damaged tissue
 DEFENSES VS INFECTION
NONSPECIFIC
 INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
 5 signs
 pain (dolor)
 swelling (tumor)
 redness (rubor)
 heat (calor)
 impaired function of the part (functio laesa) ,if severe