C O VA L E N T

BONDING
RECALL…

• What are the 3 different major

types of elements?
RECALL … IONIC BONDS

• Are bonds created when a metal and a non-metal occur

• Happens when the one element transfers one or more of its electrons to another element.

• Cations and Anions are formed in the process

W H AT I F …

The elements involved are all “NON-METALS” ??

A different type of bond is being formed

C O VA L E N T B O N D S

• Is a type of bonding that exists between 2 or more non-metallic elements

• In the case of covalent bonds, both elements are close to completing 8 valence electrons so no
one gives away any of its electron (except for hydrogen which only needs 2).

• Instead, they “SHARE” their electrons so that both of them will be benefitted in the process

• No ions are formed in the process

• A Line symbolizes the sharing of electron.

 T H E R E A R E 3 T Y P E S O F C O VA L E N T
B O N D S T H AT E X I S T

• Single bond – Elements share 1 electron “each”

• Double bond – Elements share 2 of its electrons with another

element
• Triple bond – both elements share 3 electrons with one
another
 C O VA L E N T B O N D I N G : S I N G L E B O N D
• Both elements share one electron with another element. (weakest covalent bond)

Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Chlorine molecule (Cl2)
DOUBLE BOND Occurs when atoms share both share 2 atoms
with one another. This type of bond is
E X A M P L E : O 2 ( O X Y G E N stronger than a single bond.
MOLECULE)
 • Atoms share 3 electrons with one another
TRIPLE BOND
• The strongest among the 3 types of covalent bonds

E X A M P L E : N I T R O G E N M O L E(NC
) ULE 2
 I D E N T I F Y I F I T I S A C O VA L E N T
COMPOUND OR NOT

WATER (H2O) CARBON ALUMINUM

DIOXIDE (CO2) OXIDE (AL2O3)
Ionic Covalent
Metal + non-metal all Non-metal

Transferring of electrons Sharing of electrons