MATHEMATICS IN THE

MODERN WORLD
GRADING SYSTEM

C – Cognitive - 40 %
P – Psychomotor - 50 %
A – Affective - 10 %

The final grade computation is weighted as shown below:

A. Midterm Grade 40%

B. Final Term Grade 60%

FINAL GRADE 100% (SUM OF A & B)

 VISION
CPSU as the leading technology-driven multi-
disciplinary University by 2030.
 MISSION
CPSU is committed to produce competent
graduates who can generate and extend leading
technologies in multi-disciplinary areas beneficial
to the community.
 GOAL
To provide efficient, quality, technology-
driven and gender-sensitive products
and services.
 MATHEMATIC
S
 Study of numbers and operations
 a tool or a collection of skills that help us answer the question of
“How many” and “How much”
 a science of logical reasoning, drawing conclusions from assumed
premises or strategic reasoning.
 is the study of the relationships among numbers, quantities, and
shapes.
 enhances our critical thinking skills, reasoning, spatial thinking
and creativity.
 helps us organize patterns and regularities in the world.
PATTERNS
• In Mathematics, a pattern is a repeated arrangement of numbers, shapes, colors and so
on. The Pattern can be related to any type of event or object. If the set of numbers are
related to each other in a specific rule, then the rule or manner is called a pattern.
Sometimes, patterns are also known as a sequence. Patterns are finite or infinite in
numbers.
• Nature is full of beautiful patterns and colors. These patterns in nature can be seen in
different forms which includes symmetries, trees, spirals, meanders, waves, foams,
arrays, cracks, and stripes.
• For a long time, these patterns and rhythms have been examined and utilized as a
source of inspiration for innovation and the development of technology. Today we took
advantage of these patterns since we understood that these patterns respond to
principles of functionality and efficiency.
PATTERNS
• Let us look at the honeybees, honey is the
source of food and wax for them. It is
estimated that it takes 2.72kg (6lb) of honey
to make 0.45kg (1lb) of wax [4], imagine
how many flowers a bee must visit to be
able to produce a pound of wax!
• Honey is very expensive for bees! so they
need to engineer a design for their
honeycomb so that it uses the minimum
amount of wax for a maximum amount of
honey stored.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE
WORLD

FRACTALS
 are any various extremely irregular curves or shapes for which any suitable chosen part is
similar in shape to a larger or smaller part when magnified or reduced to the same size.
 It possesses the property of self-similarity where component parts resemble the whole.
Fractals can be seen is some plants, trees, leaves, and others.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE
WORLD

SYMMETRY
 a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion of balance or an object is invariant
to any of various transformations such as reflection, rotation, or scaling. Symmetry
is classified into two: bilateral and radial symmetry.
a. Bilateral symmetry
 is formed when organism is divided into two and the left side
approximately mirrors the right side along the midline. The human body
exhibits bilateral symmetry as well as those of animals. Moreover, plant
leaves and insects exhibit this type of symmetry.
 PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE
WORLD

Bilateral symmetry
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE
WORLD

b. Radial symmetry or (rotational symmetry)

 a type of symmetry around a fixed point known as the center and it can be classified as
either cyclic or dihedral. Plants, flowers, and some groups of animals exhibit radial or
rational symmetry. A five-fold symmetry is found in echinoderms, which includes starfish,
sea urchins and sea lilies.
 Radial symmetry suits organisms like sea anemone whose adults do not move and
jellyfish.
 Another term we associate with radial symmetry is the angle of
rotation. The angle of rotation is the smallest angle that a figure can be
rotated while still preserving the original formation. It is computed as
360° divided by n, where n is the order of rotation. The order of
rotation is the number of times a figure is rotated while preserving its
original form. For instance, the order of rotation of a starfish is 5. Thus,
the angle of rotation of a starfish is 360°/5 = 72°.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE
WORLD

Spirals
 A spiral (logarithmic spiral or growth spiral) is a plane curve that winds around
a central point while moving farther from it. It is a self-similar curve which often
appears in nature and was first described by Descartes and investigated by Jacob
Bernoulli, who called it Spira mirabilis which means "the marvelous spiral". Spirals
can be seen in plants, animals, typhoons, galaxies, etc.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE
WORLD

STRIPES
 Stripes consists of a line or long narrow section differing in color and texture
from parts adjoining. They have functions which increase the chances that the
offspring of the patterned animal will survive to reproduce. The function of this
animal pattern is for camouflage.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE
WORLD

CRACKS
 Cracks are linear openings that form in materials to relieve stress. The pattern of
cracks indicates whether the material is elastic or not. When an elastic material
stretches or shrinks uniformly, it eventually reaches its breaking strength and then
fails suddenly in all directions, creating cracks with 120 degree joints, so three
cracks meet at a node. Conversely, when an inelastic material fails, straight cracks
form to relieve the stress.
 PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE
WORLD

TESSELLATIONS
 Tessellations are patterns formed by repeating tiles all over a flat surface. While
common in art and design, exactly repeating tiling are less easy to find in living things.
The cells in the paper nests of social wasps, and the wax cells in honeycomb built by
honey bees are well-known examples.
 PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE
WORLD

BUBBLES AND FOAM

• A bubble is a tiny, round ball of air or gas inside a liquid. When two bubbles join
together, they form a more complex shape where the other surfaces are spherical.
These surfaces are joined together by a third spherical surface as the smaller
bubble bulges slightly into the larger one. A mass of bubbles is called a foam.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE
WORLD

WAVES/DUNES
 Waves are disturbances that carry energy as they move. Ripples are created
when waves in water or wind pass over sand. On the other hand, dunes are formed
when wind blows over large bodies of sand. We usually see ripples when a stone is
thrown on a still lake, while we see huge waves in the seashore during storm surge.
Sand dunes can be seen in deserts.
QUIZ TIME!!!

½ SHEET OF
PAPER
1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
 Write the University
10 - 15 VISION.

9
Who is the University
16 - 20 President.
1,1,2,3,5,_____,
8 ____,
13 _____,
21 _____
34
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

What is a Fibonacci Sequence?

• The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of numbers: 1, 1, 2, 3,5, 8, 13, 21,
34,
• … The next number is found by adding up the two numbers before it .
Fibonacci numbers were discovered by Leonardo Pisano Bigollo or
Fibonacci which translates to "filius Bonacci" meaning "son of
Bonaccio“.
• Fibonacci in his book Liber Abaci investigated how fast rabbits could
multiply in an ideal surrounding.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

How did he noticed the pattern?

FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

Rabbits can mate at the age of one month so that at the end
of its second month a female can produce another pair of rabbits.
Suppose that our rabbits never die, and that the female always
produces one new pair (one male, one female) every month from
the second month on. The puzzle that Fibonacci posed was...
How many pairs will there be in one year?
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

• Fibonacci generated a rule to solve this problem, for example

there are Xn pairs of rabbits after n months. The number of
pairs in month n+1 will be Xn (in this problem, rabbits never
die) plus the number of new pairs born. But new pairs are only
born to pairs at least 1 month old, so there will be Xn-1 new
pairs. So, we have:

Xn+1 = Xn + Xn-1
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

• Which is simply the rule for generating the Fibonacci numbers: add the
last two to get the next. Following this through you will find that after 12
months (or 1 year), there will be 233 pairs of rabbits.

• This pattern observed by Fibonacci is visible also in nature. Did you

know that the number of petals of a flower follows the Fibonacci
sequence? White calla lily has 1 petal, euphorbia has 2 petals, iris has 3
petals, hibiscus has 5 petals, marigold has 13 petals. It is said that
flowers with five petals are said to be most common.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

White Calla Lily Euphorbia Iris

Hibiscus Clemantis Marigold

FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

• Example : 13, 21, 34, 55, ,

Answer:
 Look at the first two terms, 13 and 21. Their sum is equal to the third
term 34. The sum of the second and third terms, 21 and 34, is equal to the
fourth term, 55. To find the fifth term, we will get the sum of the third and
fourth terms 34 and 55. To find the sixth term, we will get the sum of the
fourth and fifth terms.
• So, it follows that the fifth term is 89 and the sixth term is 144.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

• Now, we will define the Fibonacci sequence using the recursive

definition.
• The nth Fibonacci number, denoted by 𝐹𝑛 is computed as
follows: 𝐹n = 𝐹n -1 + 𝐹n - 2 for 𝑛 > 3 and 𝐹1 = 1 and 𝐹2 = 1
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

• Example : If 𝐹22 = 17, 711 and 𝐹24= 46, 368, what is 𝐹23?
• Answer:
Recall that the nth Fibonacci Number is found using the formula: 𝐹n =
𝐹n -1 + 𝐹n - 2
If 𝑛 = 24, then 𝑛 − 1 = 23 and 𝑛 − 2 = 22. It follows that 𝐹24= 𝐹23+ 𝐹22
So, 𝐹23 = 𝐹24 − 𝐹22
Therefore, 𝐹23 = 46,368 − 17,711 = 28,657
• Now, let us examine the Fibonacci numbers by taking the ratio
of two succeeding numbers:
• The Fibonacci numbers are 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89,
144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, …

• Now let us get the ratio of these succeeding Fibonacci numbers

•1÷1= _
• 2 ÷ 1 = __
•3÷2= _

 Did you see any pattern yet?

• How about we move to the higher numbers let us start with 233.
(Note: Round off answers to four decimal places)

233 ÷ 144 =
377 ÷ 233 =
610 ÷ 377 =
987 ÷ 610 =

 Did you see any pattern? Look at your answers, is this a coincidence? Why or why not?
What can you say about the ratio of two succeeding Fibonacci numbers?
The ratio of two succeeding Fibonacci numbers is known
as the Golden ratio.
GOLDEN RATIO

This ratio gives us rectangles we call the “Golden Rectangle”

because they are said to be the most beautiful rectangles to look at. The
ratio is called the Golden Ratio.

The golden ratio (symbol is the Greek letter "phi") is a special

number approximately equal to 1.618. It appears many times in geometry,
art, architecture, and other areas.
GOLDEN RATIO

In mathematics, a golden ratio exists when a line is divided into two

parts and the longer part (a) divided by the smaller part (b) is equal to the
sum of (a) + (b) divided by (a), which both equal 1.618.

In terms of an equation, where a > b,

= 1.618
 This harmony and proportion has been recognized for thousands of
centuries: from the Pyramids in Giza to the Parthenon in Athens; from
Michelangelo’s The Creation of Adam on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
to Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa; and from the Pepsi logo to the definition of
Golden Ratio. In fact, our brains are seemingly hard- wired to
prefer objects and images that use the Golden Ratio. It’s almost a
subconscious attraction and even tiny tweaks that make an image truer to
the Golden Ratio have a large impact on our brains.