Reinforced concrete

solid slab design

Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007

 Typical loading on solid slab
Imposed load on solid slab (according to BS 6399:1984)
Flat roof with access 1 0 kN/m2
Self contained domestic 1.5 kN/m2
Office general 2.5 kN/m2
Class rooms 4.0 kN/m2
Shop floors 4.0 kN/m2
Assembly area with fixed seating 4.0 kN/m2
Assembly area with no fix seatng 5.0 kN/m2
Undefined partitioning 1/3 kN/m as line load
1.0 kN/m2 of UDL on the floor area

Effect of concentrated loading on the floor.

Load is distributed over a effective width
of the slab
x
Effective width = load width +2.4 x(1  )
L

Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007

 Initial section determinations

Trial span/depth ratio for solid slabs

Characteristic One way spanning Two way Flat slabs
imposed load spanning without drops
Including finishes Support conditions Support conditions
SS Cts. Canti. SS Cts.
4 27 34 11 30 40 31
10 24 30 10 28 38 27
Span direction Direction of span Short way span Long way
to be used Ly/lx>2.0 Ly/lx=1.0

Note:
1. The above ratios are based on the deflection criterion of the slab

2. Ratio of two way spanning slabs are based on a square pannel.

Values of Ly/Lx 1.0~2.0 should be based on interpolation between the
1-way spanning and two way spanning values

Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007

Flow chart for the slab design
Load evaluation

Choose depth

Compute bending moment

and shear forces

Check deflection Similar to beam design

Design detail for bending

Check for minimum r/f ratio
&
bar spacing rule
Curtail reinforcement if
possible

Check for shear

Provide secondary
reinforcements
Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007
Analysis of solid slabs General and simplified approach
Clause 3.5.2.3-one way spanning
All span fully loaded
1.4Gk+1.6Qk General approach
When simplified rule is not possible strips of
Alternative spans fully
slab can be considered supported on the
loaded beam and analyzed for the worse case effect
1.4Gk+1.6Qk others 1.0Gk with all the loading case considered.

Alternative spans fully loaded

1.4Gk+1.6Qk others 1.0Gk

Resulted Bending moment

envelop for all load
combinations
Conditions require to satisfy simplified approach

1. Bay size >30m2 (see figure 3.7 for definition

of the bay)
2. Imposed load < 1.25 DL
3. IL< 5 kN/m2
4. Spans are approximately equal (i.e.
difference in span < 15% of the shortest
span) i.e.
L1 L2 L3

L3>L2>L1 (L3-L1)/L1<0.15
Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007
 Simplified rule Clause 3.5.2.4

Design to resist the moment and shear forces arising from single maximum load case
(1.4Gk+16Qk)
Except for adjacent cantilever parts all support moments should 20% downward redistributed
with consequential increase in the span moment.
In case of adjacent cantilever of substantial length additional load case of slab unloaded
cantilever loaded should be considered.

Table 3.12 of BS8110 reproduced below give the bending moment and shear forces for one
way slab with 20% redistribution at the support.

Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007

 Bar spacing rule for slabs (clause 3.12.11.2.7)
yes yes
h<=200 fy<=460

No
yes yes
h<=250 fy<=250

No yes

100As/bd<0.3

No
ab<lesser of 3d or 750mm
ab<values of table yes 0.3<100As/
3.28/(100as/bd) bd<1.0

No

ab<values of table 3.28

Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007

 Minimum reinforcement ratio for slab
Minimum reinforcement requirement is dealt by clause 3.12.5.3 and Table 3.25 of
BS8110

For the tension face of the solid slab minimum should be provided in both direction
and 100 As  100 As should be not less than
Ac bh
0.24 f y  250
100 As 100 As

Ac bh
0.13 f y  460

It is worth noting that the reinforcement parallel to crack cannot

arrest or control crack propagation and therefore all tensile faces
of the slab should be provided with at least minimum
reinforcement in two perpendicular direction of the slab.

In addition to the minimum reinforcement requirement above

sufficient hogging steel should be provided (in slabs) to satisfy
the flange beams transverse steel requirement according to
table 3.25 which is 100 Ast
 0.15
hf l
Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007
Simplified rule for curtailment Clause 3.12.10.3

Simplified rule of curtailment for

a) Continuous slab
b) Simply supported slab
c) Cantilever slab
However simply supported end should be provided
with at least half the sagging steel as hogging steel at
the support in all cases even when it is certain that
there is no chance of restraining moment at support.
As Greater of 0.15 L or 45Ø

As/2 or minimum steel which ever is larger

As

Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007

 Two way spanning slab

Lx

Ly

Requirement for two way spanning slab

ly
1.0   2 .0
lx
Larger of the two dimensions of the slab is always marked with Ly and
therefore Ly/Lx is always greater than 1.0. When Ly/Lx<2.0 the slab is
assumed to transfer load to both edges and it is said to be two way spanning.

Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007

 Calculation of bending moment for two way slab
–consider simply supported two way slab/ Unrestraint slabs
lx y wx 
ly x
wy 

n  wy  wy

x 
5 wx l x4 x  y l y2 wx l x2
384 EI

2
5mx l x2 5m y l y l x wy l y2
2


4 4
5 wy l y wx l y
y  48 EI 48 EI 
384 EI wy l x4
2
wl 2 mx  l y   l 
4
M    wx
  
y
8 my  lx 
8m x 4 wy  l x 
4
lx wl 2
ly 
5 l x2 5mx l x2 mx  x x
 l 
x   wx
 
384 EI 48 EI 8 x 

8m y 4 mx wx l x2 wy  wx ly 
4
ly  1  
5 l 2
5m y l y2 m y wy l y2  l 
y  y
 x
384 EI 48 EI
Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007
 l x2 l y2
mx  wx m y  wy
8 4
8
ly  4
 l   l x  l y2
l x2 m y  wx  
mx  wx  wy   x 
l  8
4  y
ly  8
1 
l x 
4
 ly 
4  l   4 2
l
ly  m y  wx  wy    lx  y
x 
 l 
 l y   l y  8
4
 x  l x2
msx  n 1  
 lx 
4
ly  8
1  
 l 
2
  l y 2 
x ly   
  l y 4   l  l  
     x  l x2  1
where  sy   
x 
l msy  n 4 
 1
msx   sx nl x2 where  sx   
x  4
4 
ly  8  1   l y  
8
8 1    
 l
1  y     lx    lx  
 
  lx  
msy   sy nl x2
Table 3.13 Bending moment coefficients for slabs SS spanning two way Eg. 2×3 slab
l y l x 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.75 2.0 1 .5 4 1
 sx   0.104
1  1 .5 4 8
 sx 0.062 0.074 0.084 0.093 0.099 0.104 0.113 0.118
1 .5 2 1
 sy   0.046
 sy 0.062 0.061 0.059 0.055 0.051 0.046 0.037 0.029
1  1 .5 4 8
Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007
 Slabs restraints against torsion
-These are continuous slabs
-Edges and corners are restrained and requires top and tensional reinforcement
msx   sx nl x2
msy   sy nl x2
Coefficients derived by table 3.14 of the code
Application of these coefficient is subjected to slabs confirming to the clause 3.5.3.5
requirements. Which are
a) Same characteristic dead and imposed loads in the adjacent panels
b) Approximately same spans in the in the adjacent panels considered
perpendicular to the common edge.

Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007

 Rules to be observed when using the above equations

Slabs are considered divided according to the figure below and the moment calculated
according to the above equation is only applicable for the middle three quarter strip.
Simplified rule of clause 3.12.10 should be used for detailing and curtailment of the middle
strip
Edge strips should satisfy the minimum requirement and any tensional steel requirements
as follows.
a) Simply supported at corners-Three quarters of maximum at the middle of the slab
provide over 1/5 of the span
b) Only one edge continuous- 3/8 of the middle reinforcement requirement over 1/5 of the
span
c) No torsion steel requirement when all edges are continuous
As  Hogging re inf orcement at the middle of the slab

3 As
4
3 As
8

No torsion steel when the section is continuous

Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007

 Shear design of two way slabs
Shear coefficients should be based on the Table 3.15 according to the equation below. These
coefficient can also be used for the calculation of load coming on to the beam. When
calculated it should be taken as uniform distributed load on middle three quarters of the span
of the beam according to the Fig 10 of the code.

vsx   vx nl x
vsy   vy nl x

Note:- Normally shear

reinforcement is avoided on
slabs. In an event of critical
shear , reinforcement
should be provided
according to Table 3.16.
Note that the requirement
of shear reinforcement in
slabs are different to
requirement of that of
beams.
Dr. Harsha Sooriyaarachchi September 2007