GOOD AFTERNOON!!

“Very early in my nursing career, it became

apparent to me that health professionals
intervened only after people developed acute or
chronic disease and experienced compromised
lives. I committed myself to the proactive stance
of health promotion and disease prevention with
the conviction that is much better to experience
exuberant well-being and prevent disease than let
disease happen when it is avoidable and then try
and cope with it.”
 NOLA
PENDER’S
HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL
Place Your Picture Here And Send To Back

N A M E:
Nola J. Pender

Born on Completed her Has been First encounter with

August 16, baccalaureate named a Living professional nursing
1941 in in nursing at Legend of the occurred at 7 years of age,
Lansing, Michigan State American when she observed the
Michigan University Academy of nursing care given to her
USA Nursing hospitalized aunt.
 Theoretical Sources
PENDER’S background in nursing, human development, experimental
psychology, and education led her to use a holistic nursing perspective,
social psychology, and learning theory as a foundation of HEALTH
PROMOTION MODEL

HPM is similar in construction to the Health Belief Model,

which explains disease prevention behaviour.
 Health Promotion
=is defined as behaviour motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential. It is an approach to wellness .

What is Health Promotion Model Theory

Health promotion can be defined as the process of
empowering people to make healthy lifestyle choices and
motivating them to become better self-managers. To
accomplish this, health promotion strategies should focus on
patient education, counseling, and support mechanisms.
Examples of health promotion approaches include education
and counseling programs that promote physical activity,
improve nutrition, or reduce the use of tobacco, alcohol, or
drugs.
The health promotion model focuses on helping people
achieve higher levels of well-being. It encourages health
professionals to provide positive resources to help patients
achieve behavior specific changes. The goal of the HPM is
not just about helping patients prevent illness through their
behavior, but look at ways in which a person can pursue
better health or ideal health.
 MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Prior Related Behaviour
= refers to the frequency of the same or similar
behaviour in the past..
Personal Factors
= categorized as biological, psychological, and sociocultural. These factors are predictive
of a given behaviour and are shaped by the nature of the target behaviour being
considered.

Personal Biological Personal Psychological Factors Personal Sociocultural Factors

Factors
= are variables such as age, gender,
BMI, strength, agility and balance
(ex. An elderly does not have enough
strength to exercise)
= are variables such as self-esteem, self-
motivation, personal competence,
perceived health status (ex. A lady believes
that eating low carbohydrate diet will help
her lose weight)
= factors such as race, ethnicity,
acculturation, education and
socioeconomic status (ex. A poor
person cannot afford enough variety of
food choices to promote health.)
 MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Behavioural-Specific Cognitions and Affects
= these variables are modifiable thru nursing actions

Perceived Benefits of Perceived Barriers to

Perceived Self-
Action Action
Efficacy

= are anticipated positive
outcomes that will result from
health behaviour (ex. A woman
is exercising to have a “beach
body” for a summer vacation.)
= are anticipated, imagined, or real
blocks and personal costs of
undertaking a given behaviour (ex. A
pregnant woman does not visit the
health center as it is far from their
home.)
= judgment of personal capability to organize
and execute a health promoting behaviour,
influences perceived barriers to action. (ex. A
pregnant woman highly values her baby thus
visits the health center despite being far from
home.)
 MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Behavioural-Specific Cognitions and Affects (cont.)

Activity Related Affect Interpersonal Situational

Influences Influences

= describes subjective positive or
negative feelings that occur before,
during, and after behaviour based on
the stimulus properties of the
behaviour itself (ex. A woman felt
good about herself after working out
in the gym.)
=are cognitions concerning behaviours,
beliefs or attitudes of others. Include
norms, social support, modeling
(primary sources are families, peers
and health care providers)
(Ex. A mother goes Zumba with her
friends.)
= are personal perceptions and cognitions of
any given situation or context that can facilitate
or impede behaviour. Include perceptions of
available options, demand characteristics and
aesthetic features of the environment (ex. The
scorch hot environmental temperature makes it
difficult for a person to exercise.)
 MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
Immediate Antecedents of Behaviour and Behaviour Outcomes

Commitment to a Plan
of Action
= this commitment describes the
concept of intention and
identification of a planned
strategy that leads to
implementation of health
behaviour.
Immediate Competing
Competing
Demands and Preferences
Preferences
=(CHOICES) =are alternative behaviours over which
Competing Demands are alternative individuals exert relatively high
behaviours over which individuals control, such as the choice of ice cream
have low control, because there are or a an apple for a snack.
environmental contingencies such as
work out or family care
responsibilities.
 HEALTH-PROMOTING BEHAVIOR
An end point or action outcome that is directed toward attaining positive health outcomes such as
optimal well-being, personal fulfilment, and productive living.

EXAMPLES:

eating a healthy diet

exercising regularly

managing stress

gaining adequate rest

building positive relationships

Application of the Theory
=Community health care setting is the best
avenue in promoting health and preventing
illnesses

=Financial resources limit the application of

Pender’s model.
Different Assumptions of Nola J. Pender in her theory which relates
to the four concepts:

Individuals strive to control their own behavior.

Individuals work to improve themselves and their

environment.

Health professionals, such as nurses and doctors, comprise the

interpersonal environment, which influences individual behaviors.

Self-initiated change of individual and environmental

characteristics is essential to changing behavior.
THANK YOU