BLACK OIL

Supervised By : Professor. Ismail Mahgoub

Course Name : Properties of Petroleum Fluids - PE 301-
 Types Of Conventional Fluids
01 BLACK OIL OR LOW-SHRINKAGE OIL 02 VOLATILE OIL OR HIGH-SHRINKAGE
OIL

03 GAS CONDENSATE OR RETROGRADE GAS 04 Wet Gas

05 Dry Gas
Black Oil or Low-Shrinkage Oil

1 2
The black-oil PVT model is Initial producing gas-oil
a simplified fluid model ratios of 1750 Scf/STB or
using only two components less.
(Surface gas and oil) unlike
the more complex
compositional models.

3 4
The stock-tank oil usually Black oil color is very dark,
will have a gravity below often black, sometimes with
45-degree API. a greenish cast, or brown.

Figure 1 “Black oil phase diagram

1. The phase diagram (Figure 1) is shown below.
When the reservoir pressure lies anywhere
along line 1 → 2, the oil is said to be under
saturated – meaning the oil could dissolve
more gas if more gas were present. Black Oil or Low-
2. If the pressure is at 2, the oil is at its bubble
point, and is said to be saturated – meaning the
oil contains the maximum amount of dissolved
Shrinkage Oil
gas and can’t hold any more gas.
3. A reduction in pressure at this point will
release gas inside the reservoir. Additional gas
evolves from the oil as it moves from the

Figure 1 “Black oil phase diagram

reservoir to the surface. This causes some
shrinkage of the oil. Black oil is often called
low shrinkage crude oil or ordinary oil.
4. At reservoir condition from 1-3,
pressure drop at constant temperature and the
gas present when the pressure drop below the
second point.
5. After the second point, gas will release to form
a free gas in reservoir.
Properties of
black oil 1. (Oil formation volume factor)
(bbl./STB)
2. (Solution gas-oil ratio)

4. API Gravity

5. Color
3. Viscosity
 Collecting Samples
 Representative fluid Samples should be
taken as early as possible in reservoir's life
and sent to a laboratory for PVT analysis.

1. Subsurface Sampling  Samples should

always be collected in
duplicates.
• This method will clearly deliver a representative combined
fluid sample if the oil is under saturated (Single Phase).
• The sample is collected, when The bottom hole flowing
pressure is above the bubble point pressure.
• Either shut-in the well or continue flowing at a very low
rate.
 There are three methods for collecting
• Black oil, volatile oil sample can be collected. samples: subsurface sampling,
surface sampling and wellhead
sampling.
 Collecting Samples

2. Surface Sampling

• The well must be producing at a constant rate for several hours

before the sample is taken.
• Separate volumes of oil and gas are taken at separator conditions
Fig. 1 "Surface sampling" Schlumberger.
and recombined to represent the reservoir fluid.
• Any type of fluid sample can be collected from separator.
 Collecting Samples
3. Wellhead Sampling

• Wellhead sampling is only possible for fluids that are

single phase under wellhead.
• As a result, some knowledge of the fluid's phase
envelope must be available ahead of time.
• Dry gases sample can be collected.
 Selection of separator conditions
Classification by Operating Pressure

Most oil and gas separators operate in the pressure range of 20 to 1,500
psi.
Separators may be referred to as low pressure, medium
pressure, or high pressure.
Low-pressure separators usually operate at pressures
ranging from 10 to 20 up to 180 to 225 psi
01 Medium-pressure separators usually operate at
pressures ranging from 230 to 250 up to 600 to
02 700 psi.

03 High-pressure separators generally operate

in the wide pressure range from 750 to
04 1,500 psi

05
 preliminary check

1
i. graphical method
Laboratory Is the simplest method of consistency check for laboratory PVT data
measurements which analyze the validity of the fluid properties behavior.

of black oil
2 ii. API and GOR check
 Complementary check
i. Fluid Composition.
Laboratory
measurements 1 From this test we can obtain:
a.The accuracy of the composition
b.The molecular weight of each composition
of black oil

2 ii. Constant Composition Expansion (CCE) check.

From this test we can obtain:

Y-function of the CCE test
a. Bubble point pressure (Pb)
- The validity of the CCE test could be verified by
b. Fluid properties changing behavior
Y-function
 Complementary check
iii.Differential Liberation (DL)/Differential vaporization (DV) test From
Laboratory
measurements 3 this test we can obtain:
a.The accuracy of the composition
b.The molecular weight of each composition
of black oil

From this test we can obtain:

 Y-function for DL test
a. The oil volume - behaves linearly as like as the Y-function of CCE
b. The gas volume test. Therefore, comparison of Y-function of CCE
c. the oil formation volume factor, () and DL tests could be applicable for the consistency
d. the gas formation volume factor (). check of petroleum PVT samples
 Complementary check
iv. Separator test
Laboratory
measurements 4 From this test we can obtain:
a.The accuracy of the composition
b.The molecular weight of each composition
of black oil

The objective of the separator test is to

optimize the amount of oil produced at
the surface
 Transportation
Of Black oil
Types of Transportation
Oil Tankers

Pipelines

Rail Transport

Trucks
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Black Oil.

Heated Crude Oil Millions of people around the Exposure to Black Oil
contributes in more than world have a job because of is toxic for most life
petroleum. on our planet.
a single product.

It is cheap to obtain. Black Oil is a finite Black Oil is a significant

resource. contributor to greenhouse gas
emissions.
Where You can find more info ?
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