Preliminary phytochemical screening & antimicrobial activity of

ethanolic extract of whole aerial part of the herb Leucas plukenetii

(Roth) Spreng (family- lamiaceae)

Presented by UTTAM BORAH (ROLL NO-1405511005)

B.Pharm 7th Semester
1
(Under the guidance of Mr Biswajit Dash)
 CONTENTS

Aim & Objectives

Introduction

Literature Review

Plan of Work

Bibliography 2
 Aim & Objectives

Aim: The evaluation of the antimicrobial potency of Leucas plukenetii (f-laminaceae )

collected from the Narayanpur, Assam.

Objectives:
The present objective of the study is-
Extraction of active constituent from the dried leaf
Preliminary phytochemical screening of extract.
Antimicrobial activity of extract comparison to standard. 3
Natural Sources of Antimicrobial Agents

[1]
4
 Plant Profiles
• Biological source: it consisted of the dried whole herb of Leucas plukenetii
(synonym: Leucas aspera ) belonging to the family lamiaceace.
• Local Name- Doron Ban
• Habit: An annual herb with square stem.
• Leaves : Opposite, linear-oblong or oblong lanceolate
• Flowers :Sessile, ciliate with long hairs; Corolla white, rounded.
• Fruit: Oblong, smooth, brown, inner face sharply angular, the dorsal face
rounded.
• Flowering and fruiting time : July-October
• Geographical Distribution: North-eastern India
• Plant form : herb [3]

5
 Ethnomedicinal Uses

• The leaves and flowers are used by the kavirajes to treat tooth infections and mucus.
[4]
• It is applied on inflamed parts to relieve pain and inflammation & having nasal
decongestant activity. [5]
• Leave paste made with lime juice applied externally in the treatment of headache.
• Flowers obtained from the herb was macerated and extract put dropwise into opposite
side of nostril to reduce migraine.
• Leaves with pepper and garlic used in case of snake bite.
• Whole plant dugout early in the morning and made into paste with water to treat
wounds and worms. [6] 6
 Phyto chemistry

• Phenolic compounds: Sadhu et al. (2003) isolated eight Phenoloic compounds

from the methanol extract of the whole plant[7].
• Flavonoids: Free flavonoid ‘baicalein’ was reported in the ethereal fraction of hydro
methanolic extract of flower [8]
• Terpenoids: The herbs were found to contain high amount of a-farnesene, α-thujene and
menthol. [9,10]
• Glycosides: Flavonoidal glycoside, baicalin , from the fresh flower, showed significant
biphasic RBC membrane stabilization activity against hypotonicity induced hemolysis
[8]
7
 Literature Review

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES
1. Sandosskumar et al. (2007) concluded that the aqueous extract of the leaves was found
to be inactive against fungal strains- Aspergillus flavus [11],
2. Mangathayaru et al., (2005) reported significant antimicrobial activity for the
alkaloidal fraction and the total methanol extract the flowers [27].
3. Satyal et al., (2013) reveals that the essential oil of the plant showed no activity
against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans [13]
4. Ilango et al., (2008) evaluated and found that both Ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and
Methanolic extract (ME) of plant exhibited moderate to significant and concentration
dependent antibacterial activity [14]
5. Chew et al. (2012) evaluated the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of root,
flower, leaf and reported that they having notable antibacterial activity. [15]
8
 Literature Review

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY

1. Rahman et al. (2007) found that ethanolic extract of root showed significant peripheral
antinociceptive activity at a dose of 400 mg/kg . [16]
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY:
1. Rahman et al. (2007) reported significant activity was found in the ethanolic extract of root.
[16]
2. Chew et al. (2012) evaluated antioxidant activity methanol extract of root and it possessed
antioxidant activity near the range of vitamin E and thus could be a potential rich source of
natural antioxidant.[15]
CYTOTOXICITY
1. Krishnaraju et al. (2005) proves that the hydro alcoholic extract of whole plant exhibited
cytotoxicity (LC50 = 1,900 µg/ml) and this activity was more in the root extract [16].
INSECTICIDAL AND REPLANT ACTIVITY
2. Krishnaraju et al. (2005) claimed that leaf extract exhibited significant larvicidal activity
against first, second, third and fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus [17].
9
 Literature Review

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY
1. Reddy et al. (1986) reported that whole plant extract have anti-inflammatory activity
and caused degranulation of mast cells [18].
2. Saundane et al., (2000) concluded that, on preliminary screening of ethanol and dis­
tilled water extracts exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, whereas only
ethanol (95%) extract produced long term analgesia in the experimental animals. [19]
3. Srinivas et al. (2000) reported that the dried leaves of for the alcoholic and aqueous
extracts of the plant possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity against
carrageenan-induced paw. [19]
4. Goudagoa et al.(2003) conclude that the alkaloid fraction of the crude ethanolic extract
is accountable for the anti-inflammatory activity. [20]

10
 Plan of work
• Collection of Plant Material From Narayanpur.
Ste • Authentication of Plant Material by GU.
p-I

• Washing of the Plant Material using Water.

Ste
p- • Drying and Grinding of plant material.
II
• Extraction of Plant Material (Soxhlet Apparatus).
Ste
p- • Preliminary phytochemical screening of extract.
III

Ste • Determination of Antimicrobial Activity.

p-
IV
11
12
 Bibliography
1. Sadhu SK, Okuyama E, Fujimoto H, Ishibashi M. Separation of Leucas aspera, a medicinal plant of Bangladesh, guided
by prostaglandin inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Chem. Pharm. Bull, 2003; 51: 595-598.
2. Http://www.Who.Int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs194/en/ [accessed 10 august 2016]
3. Http://www.Efloraofgandhinagar.In/herb/leucas-aspera [accessed 10 august 2016]
4. Mohammed R, Das AK, Ariful Md., Haque M, Rownak J, khan M, Rahman T, Chowdhury MH. An ethnomedicinal survey of
dhamrai sub-district in dhaka district, bangladesh. American-eurasian journal of sustainable agriculture, 2009; 3: 881-888.
5. Rahmatullah Q., Bhatti R, Rabia AM. Ethnomedicinal uses of herbs from northern part of nara desert, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot.,
2010; 42(2): 839-851.
6. Parinitha M, Harish GU, VIVEK NC, Mahesh T, and Shivanna MB, Etahnobotanical wealth of Bhadra Wild life sanctuary of
Karnataka, Indian Journal of Traditional knowledge, 2004; 3(1): 37-50.
7. Sadhu SK, Okuyama E, Fujimoto H, Ishibashi M. Separation of Leucas aspera, a medicinal plant of Bangladesh, guided
by prostaglandin inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Chem. Pharm. Bull, 2003; 51: 595-598.
8. Manivannana R, Sukumar D. The RBC membrane stablisation in an in vitro method by the drug isolated from leucas aspera.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng, 2007;5: 133-138.
13
 Bibliography
9. Gerige SJ, Yadav MK, Rao DM, Ramanjeneyulu R. GC-MS analysis and inhibitory efficacy of Leucas aspera L. Leaf volatile
oil against selected microbes. Niger. J. Nat. Prod. Med.,2007; 11: 80-83.
10. Mangathayaru K, Amitabha G, Rajeev R, Kaushik V. Volatile constituents of Leucas aspera (W illd.) Link. J. Ess. Oil res.,
2006; 18: 104-105
11. Sandosskumar R, Karthikeyan M, Mathiyazhagan S, Mohankumar M, Chandrasekar G, Velazhahan R. Inhibition of
aspergillus flavus growth and detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by the medicinal plant zimmu (Allium sativum L. Allium cepa
L.). World j. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2007; 23: 1007-1014.
12. Mangathayaru k, Lakshmikant J, Sundar NS, Swapna R, Grace XF, Vasantha J. Antimicrobial activity of Leucas aspera
flowers. Fitoterapia, 2005; 76: 752-754.
13. Satyal P, Paudel P, Poudel A, Getzer WN. Microbiological activities ofvolatile constituents of Leucas aspera (willd.) Link
from nepal journal of natural pharmaceuticals. 2012 ; 3 : 118-119.
14. Ilangos k. Ramya S and Gopinath G. Antibacterial activity of Leucas aspera spreng. Int. J. Chem. Sci.2008; 6 :526-530
15. Www.Sciencedirect.Com/science/article/pii/s2221169112600379[accessed 25 november 2016]
16. Rahman MS, Sadhu SK, Hasan CM. Preliminary antinociceptive, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Leucas aspera root.
Fitoterapia,2007; 78: 552-555. 14
 Bibliography
17.Krishnaraju AV, Rao TVN, Sundararaju D, Vanisree M, Tsay HS, Subbaraju GV. Assessment of bioactivity of
Indian medicinal plants using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng., 2005; 3: 125-
134.
18.Redy Mk, Viswanathan S, Sambantham PT, Ramachandran S, Kameswaran l. Effects of Leucas aspera on
experimental inflammation and mast cell degranulation. An. Sci. Life, 1986; 5: 168-171.
19.Srinivas K, Rao SS. Anti-inflammatory activity of heliotropium indicum linn. And Leucas aspera spreng. In
albino rats.Indian J. Pharmacol., 2000; 32: 37-38.
20.Goudgaon NM, Basavaraj NR, Vijayalaxmi A . Anti-inflammatory activity of different fractions of Leucas aspera
spreng. Indian J.Pharmacol., 2003; 35: 397-398.

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Thanks
for
Listening
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