Customer Acquisition and

Retention Costs
Introductio
n.
As marketers, we work tirelessly to move the needle on what often seems like a laundry
list of metrics. We look at website visits, conversion rates, generated leads per channel,
engagement on social media platforms, blog post shares, email click-through rates… and the
list goes on and on. When the time comes to present the impact of your marketing efforts to
your boss, you can’t present him or her with everything you measure.

While many bosses theoretically understand that a solid marketing team can directly impact
your company’s bottom line, 73% of executives don’t believe that marketers are focused
enough on results to truly drive incremental customer demand.

When it comes to marketing metrics that matter to your execs, expect to report on data that
deals with the total cost of marketing, salaries, overhead, revenue, and customer
acquisitions. This guide will walk you through the six critical marketing metrics your boss
actually wants to know.

Let’s get started.

 Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)

What It Is: The Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) is a metric used to determine the total average cost
your company spends to acquire a new customer.

How to Calculate It: Take your total sales and marketing spend for a specific time period and divide by
the number of new customers for that time period.

Sales and Marketing Cost = Program and advertising spend +

salaries + commissions and bonuses + overhead in a month,
quarter or year

New Customers = Number of new customers in a month,

quarter, or year

Formula: sales and marketing cost ÷ new

customers = CAC
Let’s Look at an
Example: Sales and Marketing Cost =
$300,000
New customers in a month = 30

÷ CAC = $300,000 ÷ 30 = $10,000 per customer

What This Means and Why It Matters: CAC illustrates how much your company is spending per new
customer acquired. You want a low average CAC. An increase in CAC means that you are spending
comparatively more for each new customer, which can imply there’s a problem with your sales or
marketing efficiency.
 Marketing % of Customer Acquisitions Cost

What It Is: The Marketing % of Customer Acquisition Cost is the marketing portion of your total CAC,
calculated as a percentage of the overall CAC.

How to Calculate It: Take all of your marketing costs, and divide by the total sales and marketing costs
you used to compute CAC.
Marketing Costs = Expenses + salaries + commissions and
bonuses + overhead for the marketing department only

Sales and Marketing Cost = Program and advertising spend +

salaries + commissoins and bonuses + overhead in a month,
quarter or year
Formula: Marketing Cost ÷ Sales and Marketing Costs =
M%-CAC
Let’s Look at an Example: Marketing Cost = $150,000

Sales and Marketing Cost =

$300,000
÷ M&-CAC = $150,000 ÷ $300,000 = 50%

What This Means and Why It Matters: The M%-CAC can show you how your marketing teams performance
and spending impact your overall Customer Acquisition cost. An increase in M%-CAC can mean a number of
things:
1. Your sales team could have underperformed (and consequently received) lower commissions and/or
bonuses.
2. Your marketing team is spending too much or has too much overhead.
3. You are in an investment phase, spending more on marketing to provide more high quality leads and
improve your sales productivity.
 Ratio of Customer Lifetime Value to CAC (LTV:CAC)

What It Is: The Ratio of Customer Lifetime Value to CAC is a way for companies to estimate the total
value that your company derives from each customer compared with what you spend to acquire that
new customer.

How to Calculate It: To calculate the LTV:CAC you’ll need to compute the Lifetime Value, the CAC and find
the ratio of the two.

Lifetime Value (LTV) = (Revenue the customer pays in a period

- gross margin) ÷ Estimated churn percentage for that
customer

Formula: LTV:CAC

Let’s Look at an Example: LTV = $437,000

CAC = $100,000

: LTV:CAC = $437,000:$100,000 = 4.4 to 1

What This Means and Why It Matters: The higher the LTV:CAC, the more ROI your sales and
marketing team is delivering to your bottom line. However, you don’t want this ratio to be too high,
as you should always be investing in reaching new customers. Spending more on sales and
marketing will reduce your LTV:CAC ratio, but could help speed up your total company growth.
 Time to Payback CAC

What It Is: The Time to Payback CAC shows you the number of months it takes for your company to
earn back the CAC it spent acquiring new customers.

How to Calculate It: You calculate the Time to Payback CAC by taking your CAC and dividing by your
margin-adjusted revenue per month for your average new customer.

Margin-Adjusted Revenue = How much your customers pay

on average per month

Formula: CAC ÷ Margin-Adjusted Revenue = Time to

Payback CAC

Let’s Look at an Example: Margin-Adjusted Revenue =

$1,000
CAC = $10,000
÷ Time to Payback CAC = $10,000 ÷ $1,000 = 10
Months

What This Means and Why It Matters: In industries where your customers pay a monthly or annual
fee, you normally want your Payback Time to be under 12 months. The less time it takes to
payback your CAC, the sooner you can start making money off of your new customers. Generally,
most businesses aim to make each new customer profitable in less than
a year.
 Marketing Originated Customer %

What It Is: The Marketing Originated Customer % is a ratio that shows what new business is driven by
marketing, by determining which portion of your total customer acquisitions directly originated from
marketing efforts.

How to Calculate It: To calculate Marketing Originated Customer %, take all of the new customers from a
period, and tease out what percentage of them started with a lead generated by your marketing team.

Formula: New customers started as a marketing lead / New customers in a month = Marketing
Originated Customer %

Let’s Look at an Example: Total new customers in a month = 10,000

Total new customers started as a marketing lead =

5,000
÷ Marketing Originated Cusomter % = 5,000 / 10,000 =
50% Months

What This Means and Why It Matters: This metric illustrates the impact that your marketing team’s
lead generation efforts have on acquiring new customers. This percentage is based on your sales
and marketing relationship and structure, so your ideal ratio will vary depending on your business
model. A company with an outside sales team and inside sales support may be looking at 20-40%
Margin Originated Customer %, whereas a company with an inside sales team and lead focused
marketing team might be at 40-80%.
 Marketing Influenced Customer %

What It Is: The Marketing Influenced Customer % takes into account all of the new customers that
marketing interacted with while they were leads, anytime during the sales process.

How to Calculate It: to determine overall influence, take all of the new customers your company accrued
in a given period, and find out what % of them had any interaction with marketing while they were a lead.

Formula: Total new customers that interacted with marketing / Total new customers = Marketing
Influenced Customer %

Let’s Look at an Example: Total new customers = 10,000

Total new customers that interacted with marketing

= 7,000
÷ Marketing Originated Cusomter % = 7,000 / 10,000 =
70% Months

What This Means and Why It Matters: This metric takes into account the impact marketing has on
a lead during their entire buying lifecycle. It can indicate how effective marketing is at generating
new leads, nurturing existing ones, and helping sales close the deal. It gives your CEO or CFO a
big-picture look into the overall impact that marketing has on the entire sales process.
Exploring Customer Acquisition Cost vs
Retention Costs
 Customer Retention Costs
• Customer Retention Cost is a metric showing
the cost of keeping the existing customer.
Calculating this metric is difficult and depends
on a company. It might include the cost of
customer success team, training, customer
marketing, adapting new feature, and many
others.
Acquisition Versus Retention
 Customer Retention Costs
• CRC = total purchases ÷ period mitigated by
retention expenditures, churn, acquisition costs
and general overheads.
• Calculating retention costs is not easy as a general
formula is not commonly accepted by all. The
predictable component of the equation is that
customer retention directly affects customer
lifetime value. High retention costs lower margins
and profits since each subsequent purchase is
actually worth less overall.
 Retention cost formula
• To calculate retention costs per customer you
need to identify two components:
• Total retention costs incurred during the year
(or other period applicable)
• And the number of customers retained in the
following year (or other period)
• Therefore, the retention cost formula is:
• Total retention costs / by the number of
customers retained
 Example
• An example of the retention cost formula
• If a firm spends $1 million on various retention costs during the year and it retained
10,000 customers, then it has spent an average of $100 per customer retention and
up-selling during the year.
• That is, $1m / 1o,000 = $100 per customer
• POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF MISUSING THE RETENTION COST FORMULA
• Let’s use the same example as above; where the firm has spent $1 million on
retention costs and has retained 10,000 customers. But let’s also assume that they
have acquired 2,000 new customers during the year, growing their total customer
base to now 12,000.
• Given this information, there are three approaches to calculating this formula – with
only one approach being the correct method to calculate the average customer
retention cost.
• $1m (retention costs) /12,000 (total customer base) = $83 (INCORRECT)
• $1m (retention costs)/ 11,000 (average customer base in the year) = $91 (INCORRECT)
• $1m (retention costs)/ 10,000 (retained customers only) = $100 (CORRECT)
• As you can see, selecting the wrong customer base metric, there is a real danger in
understating average customer retention costs, which will probably make quite a
significant difference in the final CLV number – which may lead to an over-investment
 Customer retention: Benefits
• There are really no drawbacks to focusing on customer retention. And there are loads of statistics
that back this up. For example:
• Loyal, long-term customers spend more than newly acquired customers.
• On average, 80% of a company’s revenue will come from 20% of its existing customer base—i.e.,
customers that you have retained and kept happy.
• Increasing customer retention rates by a mere 5% increases profits by anywhere from 25% to 95%.
• A 2% increase in customer retention can decrease overall company costs by up to 10%.
• Think about this: would you rather have 40 new clients each year that leave after that year, or 20
clients that stick with you for decades? The answer seems fairly obvious. New customers require
way more administration and eat up more resources. Plus, they don’t provide any type of reliable
revenue.
• On the other hand, satisfied, loyal customers who stick with you over the long haul give you peace
of mind and allow you to make more accurate revenue predictions. Plus, you can develop and
nurture closer relationships with customers to build trust, which ensures they stay satisfied and
loyal over the long term.
• The future of successful business relies on maintaining high levels of customer satisfaction. And
doing so results in higher levels of customer retention, creates brand advocates, and does wonders
for your brand reputation management efforts.
 Should you focus more on
customer acquisition or customer
retention to grow your business
and maintain a competitive edge?
• New businesses need to focus on customer acquisition to build a
customer base. But once a new customer is acquired, customer
retention becomes incredibly important.
• Once you build a foundation of loyal, satisfied customers, that news
will spread by word of mouth and prospects will start to look for you.
Solidify yourself as a leader and authority in your space and
consumers will seek you out.
• Corporate Visions reports that around 80% of companies spend
more than 70% of their [marketing] budget on demand generation
efforts and less than 30% on customer retention initiatives.
• I recommend turning that upside down and spending at least 50% of
your marketing budget on tactics to retain customers. It’s the best
long-term business growth strategy in nearly every case