Networking Standards

&
Standardization Bodies
Standards
 The standards are the documents that contain technical and
physical specifications about the network being designed. The
networks can be reliable and efficient by following certain
standards.
 Types of network standards

The two types of network standards are as follows:

 De facto standard
 De jure standard
De facto
 De facto means by tradition or by facts.

 These standards are developed without any formal planning.

 These standards come into existence due to historical developments.

 These standards are still being used by many organizations in the

world.
 System of National Accounts(SNA) is an example of de facto

standard
De Jure
 De jure means according to law or regulation.

 These standards are developed with proper research to fulfil the

requirement of data communication.

Network Standards Organizations
ANSI American National Standards Institute
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ITU International Telecommunications Union
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ISOC Internet Society
IETF Internet Society and the Internet Engineering Task
Force
EIA/TIA Electronic Industries Alliance and the
Telecommunications Industry Association
ANSI
 A non-profit corporation not affiliated with US government.
 Established in 1918.
 Standards for wide range of products
 ANSI members include professional societies, industry
associations, governmental and regulatory bodies, and consumer
groups.
 Computer industry standards:
 Screen-display attributes
 Digital telecommunications
 Fiber-optic cable transmissions
 Discussing the internetwork planning and engineering, ISDN
services, signaling, and architecture and optical hierarchy.
IEEE
 International organization of scientists, engineers, technicians, and
educators.
 The largest national professional group involved in developing
standards for computing, communication, electrical engineering, and
electronics.
 Aims to advance theory, creativity and product quality in the fields
of electrical engineering, electronics and radio.
 It sponsored an important standard for local area networks called
Project 802 (eg. 802.3, 802.4 and 802.5 standards.)
ITU
 Also known as International Telecommunications Union-
Telecommunication Standards Sector (ITU-T)
 An international standards organization related to the United
Nations that develops standards for telecommunications.
 Two popular standards developed by ITU-T are:
i) V series – transmission over phone lines
ii) X series – transmission over public digital networks, email and
directory services and ISDN.
ISO
 A multinational body whose membership is drawn mainly from the
standards creation committees of various governments throughout
the world
 Dedicated to worldwide agreement on international standards in a
variety field.
 Currently includes 82 memberships industrialized nations.
 Aims to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services
by providing models for compatibility, improved quality, increased
quality, increased productivity and decreased prices.
 Establishes communications and networking standards.
 Known for its contributions to network protocol standards.
ISOC
Sponsors conferences and publications and oversees Internet
standards
Nonprofit international organization
Supporter of Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN)
IETF
 Concerned with speeding the growth and evolution of Internet
communications.
 The standards body for the Internet itself
 Reviews internet software and hardware.
EIA
- An association of electronics manufacturers in the US.
- Provide activities include public awareness education and
lobbying efforts in addition to standards development.
- Responsible for developing the EIA-232-D and EIA-530
standards.