COOPERATIVE

LEARNING
LEARNING APPROACH
APPROACH
 COOPERATIVE
LEARNING
 Instructional strategy that emphasizes student collaboration and active
participation in the learning process.

 A pedagogical approach that aims to promote mutual learning, teamwork,

and social skills development in addition to academic content mastery.
Social Interdependence Theory
The foundation of cooperative learning is rooted in social interdependence theory, which was
developed by Kurt Lewin in the early 20th century.

Kurt Lewin and Field Theory

Lewin's field theory further contributed to the development of cooperative learning. He
introduced the concept of "life space," which is the cognitive and emotional context in which
individuals operate.

Jigsaw Technique
One of the pioneering models of cooperative learning is the Jigsaw technique, developed by Elliot
Aronson in the early 1970s. In this approach, students are divided into small, diverse groups, and
each member of the group becomes an "expert" on a specific topic.
Social Learning Theories
Cooperative learning draws from social learning theories, which emphasize that learning occurs
through social interaction, observation, and cooperation. The works of scholars like Albert Bandura
and Lev Vygotsky have had a significant influence on the development of cooperative learning
approaches.

Positive Interdependence
A central principle of cooperative learning is the establishment of positive interdependence among
students. This means that individuals within a group must rely on each other to achieve common
goals.

Individual Accountability
In cooperative learning, individual accountability is also stressed. Each group member is
responsible for their part in the group's success, which helps prevent free-riding and encourages
participation.
Structure and Roles
Cooperative learning often involves structuring group activities with specific roles for each
member, such as a recorder, timekeeper, or spokesperson. These roles help distribute
responsibilities and maintain order within the group.

Group Processing
After group activities, there is often a phase of group processing, during which students reflect on
their collaboration and problem-solve any issues that may have arisen during the activity. This
phase promotes metacognition and social skill development
 PROPONENTS OF
COOPERATIVE LEARNING
Kurt Lewin
Although not specifically known for cooperative learning, Lewin's work on social psychology and
group dynamics laid the foundation for the understanding of how individuals' behaviors are
influenced by their interactions with others.

Elliot Aronson
Aronson is known for developing the Jigsaw technique in the 1970s, which is one of the pioneering
models of cooperative learning. His work emphasized the power of positive interdependence,
where students work together to achieve common goals and learn from each other.

Robert Slavin
Robert Slavin is a prominent figure in the field of cooperative learning. He conducted extensive
research on cooperative learning in the 1980s and demonstrated its effectiveness in improving
student achievement. His research and advocacy have had a significant impact on the widespread
adoption of cooperative learning in education.
David W. Johnson and Roger T. Johnson
These two educational researchers are known for their extensive work on cooperative learning.
They have written numerous books and articles on the subject and have provided practical
guidelines for implementing cooperative learning in classrooms.

Spencer Kagan Spencer Kagan

Influencial figure in cooperative learning. He has developed various cooperative learning
structures and strategies, such as Kagan Structures, which provide teachers with a wide range of
tools to facilitate cooperative learning in their classrooms.

These educators and researchers, among others, have played pivotal roles in shaping the theory
and practice of cooperative learning in education. Cooperative learning is a collective effort, with
contributions from many experts who have studied and refined this approach over the years.
David W. Johnson and Roger T. Johnson
These two educational researchers are known for their extensive work on cooperative learning. They have
written numerous books and articles on the subject and have provided practical guidelines for implementing
cooperative learning in classrooms.

Spencer Kagan
Influential figure in cooperative learning. He has developed various cooperative learning structures
and strategies, such as Kagan Structures, which provide teachers with a wide range of tools to
facilitate cooperative learning in their classrooms.

These educators and researchers, among others, have played pivotal roles in shaping the theory
and practice of cooperative learning in education. Cooperative learning is a collective effort, with
contributions from many experts who have studied and refined this approach over the years.
 Steps and Strategies to execute
Cooperative Learning Approach
effectively
1. Select Appropriate Activities
Choose activities or tasks that are suitable for cooperative learning.

2. Form Groups
• Homogeneous Groups: Students with similar abilities or knowledge are placed in the same group.
• Heterogeneous Groups: Diverse groups with a mix of abilities and backgrounds can encourage peer
teaching and learning.

3. Establish Clear Goals

Communicate the learning objectives and goals of the activity to students.

4. Positive Interdependence
Create a sense of positive interdependence by ensuring that each group member's success is linked to the
success of the whole group.

5. Individual Accountability
Hold each student accountable for their contribution to the group's success.
6. Teach Social Skills
Spend time teaching students the necessary social skills for effective collaboration, such as active listening,
respectful communication, and conflict resolution.

7. Provide Structured Roles

Assign specific roles within the group, such as a leader, timekeeper, recorder, or spokesperson. These roles
help distribute responsibilities and keep the group on track.

8. Monitor and Facilitate

Facilitate discussions and help students stay on task.

9. Group Processing
This allows students to evaluate their group's performance, reflect on what they've learned, and identify
areas for improvement.

10. Assessment and Feedback

Evaluate both the group's overall performance and individual contributions. Provide feedback to help
students improve their collaborative skills and their understanding of the subject matter.
11. Variety of Cooperative Structures
Utilize various cooperative learning structures or techniques, such as Think-Pair-Share, Round Robin, Jigsaw,
or Numbered Heads Together, to keep the approach engaging and adaptable to different learning goals.

12. Gradual Release

Initially, provide more guidance and structure, and then gradually release responsibility to the students as
they become more comfortable with cooperative learning.

13. Reflect and Adjust

Continuously reflect on the effectiveness of your cooperative learning activities and make adjustments as
needed.

14. Create a Supportive Environment

Foster a classroom environment where students feel safe to express their ideas, make mistakes, and learn
from one another.

15. Professional Development

Consider seeking professional development opportunities to improve your skills in implementing cooperative
learning effectively.
Tools and Technologies to
execute the Cooperative
Learning Approach
Online Learning Management Systems (LMS)
LMS platforms like Moodle, Canva, Google Classroom, or Edmodo provide spaces for teachers to
create collaborative assignments, discussions, and group activities.

Video Conferencing Software

Tools like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, or Google Meet can be used for virtual cooperative learning,
enabling students to collaborate in real-time, even when they are not physically present in the
same location.

Collaborative Document Editing

Platforms like Google Docs, Microsoft Word Online, or Zoho Docs allow students to collaboratively
work on documents, presentations, and spreadsheets in real-time, making it easy to share ideas
and contributions.
Online Polling and Survey Tools
Tools like Poll Everywhere, Mentimeter, or Kahoot can be used to engage students in group
discussions or surveys, making the learning experience more interactive and engaging.

Discussion Forums
Create online discussion forums or use tools like Padlet or Slack to facilitate asynchronous
discussions and group reflections.

Collaborative Whiteboards
Tools like Miro, Microsoft Whiteboard, or Jamboard provide digital whiteboard spaces for students
to brainstorm, create mind maps, and visually collaborate on projects.

Project Management Tools

Platforms like Trello, Asana, or Monday.com can help students manage group projects and tasks,
assign responsibilities, and track progress.
Peer Assessment and Feedback Tools
Tools like Peergrade or RubiStar can be used to facilitate peer evaluations and grading within cooperative
learning groups.

Online Quizzing and Polling Tools

Platforms like Quizlet, Socrative, or Poll Everywhere allow teachers to create quizzes and polls that students
can answer individually or in groups, encouraging discussion and problem-solving.

Video Sharing Platforms

Services like YouTube or Vimeo can be used to upload and share video presentations or group projects. This
can be be particularly helpful for multimedia assignments.

Instant Messaging and Collaboration Apps

Apps like Slack, Microsoft Teams, or WhatsApp can be used for quick communication and file sharing within
groups.

Virtual Learning Environments

3D virtual worlds or online environments like Second Life or Minecraft: Education Edition can be used for
collaborative simulations and immersive learning experiences.
Online Mind Mapping Tools
Tools like MindMeister or XMind can facilitate collaborative brainstorming and concept mapping
within groups.

Online Polling and Quizzing Tools

Tools like Poll Everywhere, Quizlet, or Quizizz allow you to create quizzes and polls for group
discussions and assessments.

Social Media and Educational Apps

Platforms like Twitter, Instagram, or educational apps like Flipgrid can be integrated into your
cooperative learning activities for discussions, sharing content, and peer interaction.
 References
Book:

Aronson, E., Blaney, N., Stephan, C., Sikes, J., & Snapp, M. (1978). The jigsaw classroom. Sage Publications,
1(1), 3-29.

Slavin, R. E. (1995). Cooperative learning: Theory, research, and practice. Pearson.

Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Smith, K. A. (2014). Cooperative Learning: Improving University Instruction*.
Stylus Publishing.
Journal Article:

Online Article:

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2017). Cooperative learning: Where behavioral and humanistic psychology
intersect. American Psychologist, 72(8), 731-741.

Educational Website:

Smith, K. (n.d.). Cooperative Learning Strategies. Center for Teaching and Learning.
THANK YOU!
Group 1
Reporters:

Christian Angelo D. Catindig

Marvin delos Reyes
Marinella Catahan Magaling
Rhenaline Anne Legaspi
John Carlo Mateo Alba
Ryan Palapo
Marvin delos Reyes
Emay Puquiz