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“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

July 17, 1892

The beginning of
Rizal’s exile in
Dapitan
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”
Rizal could live at the parish convent on
Letter from Pablo the following condition
Pastells – That Rizal publicly retract his
errors concerning religion, and
make statements that were clearly
pro-Spanish and against revolution

– That he perform the church rites

and make a general confession of
his past life

– That henceforth he conduct

himself in an exemplary matter as a
Spanish subject and a man of
religion.
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

■ Rizal did not agree with the

conditions
■ He lived in the house of the
commandant, Captain Carnicero

– Carnicero was charmed by Rizal’s

fine qualities and personality
– Rizal admired the kind and
generous Spanish Captain
– A Don Ricardo Carnicero, poem of
Rizal on Carnicero’s birthday
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

September 21,
1892
■ Mail boat Butuan brought
lottery ticket no, 9736 owned
by Captain Carnicero, Dr.
Rizal, and Francisco Equilor.
■ Rizal’s share was 6,200
■ He invested the money to
purchase agricultural land.
Rizal-Pastell’s
Debate on
Religion
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

Rizal:
– Individual judgment is a gift from
God and everybody should use it
like a lantern to show the way and
that self-esteem, if moderated by
judgment, save man from unworthy
acts.
– Pursuit of truth may lie in different
parts. Religion may vary, but they all
lead to the light.
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

Pastell:
– Divine faith, supersedes
everything, including reason, self-
esteem and individual judgment.
– No matter how wise a man, his
intelligence is limited, hence he
needs the guidance of God.
– Rizal’s attacks on Catholic
dogmas was misconception of
rationalism and naturalism, errors of
misguided souls.
 ■ Rizal did not subscribe to
Pastells’ religious interpretation of
Catholic dogmas, yet he continued
to be a Catholic.
Father Sanchez
■ He went to Daptan to bring back
Rizal within Catholic fold but could
not convinced Hose Rizal

■ Estudios Sobre la Lengua Tagala

(Studies on the Tagalog Language)
– Tagalog grammar which Rizal
wrote and dedicated and gave it to
Fr. Sanchez
 Pablo Mercado
■ In November 1893, a man
introduced as a friend and relative
of Rizal. But Rizal denounced the
impostor. He was investigated and
came out that his real name was
Florencio Namanan.
■ He was hired by Recollect friars
to a mission to spy on Rizal’s
activities and to filch certain letters
and writings of Rizal which might
incriminate him in the revolutionary
movement.
Rizal in
Dapitan
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

■ PHYSICIAN
■ ENGINEER
■ COMMUNITY PROJECTS
■ BUSINESSMAN
■ INVENTOR
■ WRITER ■ ARTIST
■ SCIENTIST ■ TEACHER
■ LINGUIST ■ FARMER
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

He wrote:
■ Hymn to Talisay
■ My Retreat
■ Josephine, Josephine
■ The Song of the Traveler
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ” Rizal and
Josephine
■ They met when Josephine
accompanied his blind father to Dapitan
because there is no ophthalmic
specialist can cure his father’s
blindness.
■ Rizal and Josephine fell in love at first
sight. After a month, they decided to
marry.
■ When Mr. George Taufer heard about
the marriage, he tried to commit
suicide. To avoid tragedy, Josephine
and Taufer went to Manila. Taufer
returned to Hong Kong and Josephine
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”
Rizal and
Josephine
■ No priest will marry them, Rizal
and Josephine held hands together
and married themselves before the
eyes of God.
■ They lived happily in Dapitan,
■ In 1896, Rizal and Josephine
was expecting a baby. Josephine
prematurely give birth to their son,
who lived only for 3 hours. He was
named Francisco, in honor to
Rizal’s father.
Katipunan
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

July 7,1892
– Bonifacio founded Katipunan

May 2, 1896
– In their meeting, Pio
Valenzuela was sent to
Dapitan to inform Rizal of the
plan to launch a revolution for
freedom.
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

June 21, 1896

■ Pio arrived in Dapitan with a
blind man, Raymundo Mata,
and a guide.
■ Rizal and Pio had talk and
he told Rizal the plan and of
his support
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

Rizal’s Objection
■ Rizal objected in the bloody
revolution. He believed that it was
premature (a.) People are not
ready for revolution (b.) Arms and
funds must first be collected before
raising the cry of revolution.
■ He also disapproved in the plan
to rescue him because he had
given his word of honor to the
Spanish authority.
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

End of Rizal’s exile

■ December 17, 1895 – Rizal
wrote a letter Governor General
Ramon Blanco offering his service
as military doctor in Cuba
■ July 1, 1896 – Rizal received a
letter notifying him of the
acceptance of his offer. He would
be given a pass so that he could
come to Manila
■ July 3, 1896 – Rizal’s 4-year
exile came to an end
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

His Trip From

Dapitan to Manila
■ Stopovers
– Dumaguete
– Cebu
– Iloilo
– Capiz
– Romblon
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

Isla de Luzon

■ Rizal missed the regular

steamer, Isla de Luzon,
sailed to Spain.

■ Rizal waited on board in

the Spanish cruiser Castilla
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

Revolution

■ August 26, 1896

– Katipunan raised the cry of
revolution in the hills of
Balintawak
■ August 30, 1896
– Revolutionists attack San
Juan
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

■ Rizal read the eruption of the

revolution through newspaper. He
was worried
– The violent revolution would only
caused much suffering and terrible
loss of human lives and property.
– It would arouse Spanish vengeance
against all Filipino patriots

■ August 30, 1896 – Rizal received two

letters from Governor Blanco which
absolved him from all the blame for
the raging revolutionary
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

■ September 3, 1896 – Rizal

left Manila Bay to Singapore

■ September 7, 1896 – He
arrived in Singapore and he
was urged by his friends to
stay but he ignored their
appeal
 Rizal’s
Greatest
Mistake
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

Greatest mistake
It was to believe that Governor
Blanco was a man of honor and
a friend. The truth of the matter,
Blanco was his implacable foe,
who regarded him as
dangerous Filipino, who was
responsible for the revolution
and therefore, plotted Rizal’s
doom.
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

■ September 30, 1896 – Rizal

was confined to his cabin
■ October 3, 1896 – They
arrived in Barcelona – He was
prison on board
■ October 6, 1896 – He was
taken to prison namen
Monjuich – He was
interviewed by Despujol and
told him he will be shipped
back to Manila
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

■ October 11, 1896 –

Rizal’s diary was taken
and was critically
scrutinized by the
authorities. Nothing was
dangerous was found.
■ November 2 – The diary
returned to him
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

■ November 3, 1896 – They

reached Manila – He was
transferred from the ship to Fort
Santiago
■ November 30, 1896 – The start
of the preliminary Investigation
■ Don Luis Taviel de Andrade,
brother of Jose Taviel de Andrade
– Rizal’s defender
■ December 25, 1896 – Rizal’s
saddest Christmas in prison cell
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

■ December 26, 1896 – Rizal

was guilty of the charge:
rebellion, sedition, and illegal
association.
■ December 28, 1896 –
Governor General Polavieja
approved the decision of the
courts martial and ordered
Rizal to be shot at 7:00 am of
December 30 at Bagumbayan.
Rizal’s Last
Hour
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

December 29, 1896

■ 6:00 am – The death
sentenced was read by
Captain Rafael Dominguez

■ 7:00 am – Rizal was moved

to prison chapel

■ 7:15 am – Fr. Viza visited

Rizal
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

December 29, 1896

■ 8:00 am – Fr. Antonio Rosell arrived
to relieve Fr. Viza – They had breakfast
together with Lt. Andrade

■ 9:00 am – Fr. Federico Faura arrived

and reminded him that said Rizal
would lose his head for writing Noli

■ 10:00 am – Fathers Jose Vilaclara

and Vicente Balaguer visited the hero
– Santiago Mataix, Spanish journalist,
interviewed Rizal
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

December 29, 1896

■ 12:00- 3:30 pm
– He was left alone
– He wrote his farewell poem
– He wrote his letter to
Blumentritt

■ 3:30 pm – Fr. Balaguer

discussed about his retraction
of the anticatholic ideas
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

December 29, 1896

■ 4:00 pm – His mother arrived.
Rizal begged for her forgiveness.
– Trinidad also came. As she was
leaving Rizal gave him the alcohol
cooking stove and told her “There
is something inside.”
– Fr. Vilaclara and Estanislao
March, Fr. Rosell entered the cell.

■ 6:00 pm – Don Silvino Lopez

Tuñon, Dean of the Manila
Cathedral, visited him.
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”
December 29, 1896
■ 8:00 pm – Rizal’s last supper –
He informed Captain Dominguez,
he forgave his enemies

■ 9:30 pm – Rizal was visited by Don

Gaspar Cestaño, the fiscal of Royal
Audencia

■ 10:00 pm – Rizal rejected the draft

of his retraction. According to
Balaguer a shorter retraction prepared
by Fr. Pio Pi was accepted by Rizal.
Rizal wrote his retraction
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

December 30, 1896

■ 3:30 am – Rizal heard mass,
confessed and took Holy communion

■ 5:30 pm – Josephine and Josefa

arrived with tears in eyes and bade
him farewell.
– He gave Josephine religious book
and Imitation of Christ by Fr. Thomas a
Kempis – Last gift of Jose Rizal to Josep
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”

December 30, 1896

■ 6:30 am – trumpet sounded, a
signal to begin the death march
to Bagumbayan
– Rizal walked calmly with
Andrade, and Fr. March and Fr.
Vilaclara

■ Rizal requested to be shot

facing the firing squad. It was
denied.
“RIZAL’ LIFE: Exile,
Trial and Death ”
December 30, 1896

■ 7:03 am – Rizal died in the

bloom of manhood
“I die just when I see the dawn
break, Through the gloom of
night, to herald the day’ And if
color is lacking my blood thou
“Consummatum Est!” shalt take, Pour’d out at need for
(It is finished) thy dear sake, To dye with its
Last word crimson the waking ray.” third
stanza (Mi Ultimo Adios).