SGT UNIVERSITY

SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT

PPT

SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
RISHAB KUMAR Dr` KIRAN DEVI
B.TECH CIVIL ENGG` ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
3rd SEM , 221301004 SGT UNIVERSITY
Stresses in beams
 What are beams
 A structural member which is long when compared
with its lateral dimensions, subjected to transverse
forces so applied as to induce bending of the
member in an axial plane, is called a beam.
 Objective
 When a beam is loaded by forces or couples,
stresses and strains are created throughout the
interior of the beam.

 To determine these stresses and strains, the

internal forces and internal couples that act on the
cross sections of the beam must be found.
 Beam Types
 Types of beams- depending on how they are
supported.

 Load Types on Beams
 Types of loads on beam
 Concentrated or point load

 Uniformly distributed load

 Uniformly varying load

 Concentrated Moment
 Sign Convention for
forces and moments
P M M

Q Q

“Happy” Beam is +VE

+VE (POSITIVE)
 Sign Convention for
forces and moments
M M

Q Q

“Sad” Beam is -VE

-VE (POSITIVE)
 Sign Convention for
forces and moments
 Positive directions are denoted by an internal shear
force that causes clockwise rotation of the member
on which it acts, and an internal moment
that causes compression, or pushing on the
upper arm of the member.

 Loads that are opposite to these are considered

negative.
 SHEAR FORCES AND BENDING
MOMENTS
 The resultant of the stresses must be such as to
maintain the equilibrium of the free body.

 The resultant of the stresses acting on the cross

section can be reduced to a shear force and
a bending moment.

 The stress resultants in statically determinate

beams can be calculated from equations
of equilibrium.
Shear Force and Bending
Moment in a Beam
 Shear Force and Bending
Moment
 Shear Force: is the algebraic sum of the
vertical forces acting to the left or right of the cut
section

 Bending Moment: is the algebraic sum of the

moment of the forces to the left or to the right of the
section taken about the section
 SF and BM formulas
C antilever w ith point load
W
x Fx= Shear force at X
A Mx= Bending Moment at X
B

W SF Fx=+W

BM Mx=-Wx
WxL
at x=0=> Mx=0
at x=L=> Mx=-WL
 SF and BM formulas
C antilever w ith uniform distributed load
w Per unit
length x Fx= Shear force at X
Mx= Bending Moment at X
A B

L
Fx=+wx
BM at x=0 Fx=0 at
wL x=L Fx=wL

Mx=-(total load on right portion)*

Distance of C.G of right portion
wL 2/ 2 Mx=-(wx).x/2=-wx2/2
at x=0=> Mx=0
at x=L=> Mx=-wl2/2
 SF and BM formulas
C antilever w ith gradually varying load

Fx= Shear force at X

w wx/L
Mx= Bending Moment at X
A B
x wx
2
Fx 
L
2L
at x=0 Fx=0
at x=L Fx=wL/2
wL/2
Parabola
C
Mx=-(total load for length x)*
Distance of load from X
wx
Cubic 3
Mx 
6L
at x=0=> Mx=0
at x=L=> Mx=-wl2/6
 SF and BM formulas
Simply supported w ith point load

W
x Fx= Shear force at X
C
Mx= Bending Moment at X
A B
W W
RA 
2
L RB 
2

Fx=+W/2 (SF between A & C)

Resultant force on the left portion
W/2 SF
Baseline B ⎜ W  W ⎟   W
⎛ C onstant force
A C
SF W/2 ⎞⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 between B to C

BM
WL/4

B C B
 SF and BM formulas
Simply supported w ith point load

W
x Fx= Shear force at X
C
Mx= Bending Moment at X
A B
W W
RA  L RB  for section
2 2
between A & C
W
M x  RA x  x
W/2 SF 2
Baseline B at A x=0=> MA=0
A C W L
SF W/2 
at C x=L/2=> M C  2
2
for section
between C & ⎛ B L ⎞ W
BM
x A L M  R x  W  ⎜ x 
WL/4 ⎟  ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 x  Wx  W 2
W
B C B
L
 xW
WL2 W
MB   L0
2 2
2
 SF and BM formulas
Simply supported w ith uniform distributed load
w Per unit length
x Fx= Shear force at X
Mx= Bending Moment at X
A B

RA C RB
L
wL
RA  RB 
BM 2
wL/2 wL
Fx  RA  w.x   w.x
A C B 2
wL w.0 wL
x  0  FA   
wL/2 2 2
L
x   FC   2 0
wL2 2 2 2
wL 2/ 2 wL wL wL
8 wL
xL  wL 
 F 2 2
B


 SF and BM formulas
Simply supported w ith uniform distributed load
w Per unit length
x Fx= Shear force at X
Mx= Bending Moment at X
A B

C x
RA RB Mx  RA x 
L 2
w.x
wL w.x
BM 2 x
wL/2 2  2
C B wL
A
A
2
w.0
wL/2 xL0  M  2 .0   wL 2
wL 2
⎛
0x  Mc  wL . L  w L  wL2  
2 ⎜ 4 8
wL2  ⎞22 2 2 ⎝ 2
wL 2/ 2 wL ⎟ 2
8
8 xL M 
w⎠ B
L L 0
2 2
 SF and BM diagram
Load P Constant Linear

Shear Constant Linear Parabolic

Moment Linear Parabolic Cubic

 SF and BM diagram
Load 0 0 Constant
M

Shear Constant Constant Linear

Moment Linear Linear Parabolic

 Relation between load, shear
force
1
and
2
bending moment
x w/m run
dF  w
A B
dx
1 C 2
L The rate of change of shear force is equal
to the rate of loading
M M+dM
F F+dF dM
dx F
dx
The rate of change of bending moment is
equal to the shear force at the section