“ MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

• Oersted experiment :
In 1820 , Hans christan oersted accidentally
discover that a compass needle get deflected when
an electric current passed through a metallic wire
placed nearby .

“
 Magnetic field :-
Space surrounding a magnet within which a
magnetic force is experienced is called magnetic
field . It is a vector quantity .
S.I unit of magnetic field is Tesla (T)
 • Magnet and its poles :
Substance which produces magnetic field around them
are called magnet . Every magnet consist of two poles :
1) North pole : end which align towards north of earth.
2) South pole : end which align towards south of earth.

“ Kaam ki baat :- magnet never be monopole

“
 • Magnetic field lines :
Imaginary lines which represents magnetic field
around a magnet , are called magnetic field lines.

“
 • Properties of magnetic field lines :-
1. Continuous curve , no break .
2. Move north to south outside the magnet
and south to north inside the magnet .

“
3. Magnetic field is strong if they are closer
and vice – versa
4. Two magnetic field lines never cross each
other .
5. Tangent to magnetic field lines shows
direction of field .
“
 Conductor to be studied in this chapter :-
1. Straight wire
Shape of magnetic field for straight wire is in the form
of concentric circles having center as its conductor .
 Factor affecting field for straight conductor :

“
1. Current :- magnetic field strength is directly
proportional to the amount of current flowing in
conductor .
 2. Distance :- magnetic field strength is inversely
proportional to the distance from conductor .
3. Direction of current :- if direction of current changes , if
changes the direction of magnetic field .

“
 • Right hand thumb rule :-
Imagine that you are holding a current carrying straight
conductor in your right hand such that the thumb points
towards the direction of current . Then your fingers will
wrap around the conductor in the direction of field lines of

“
the magnetic field .
 2) Magnetic field due to current carrying circular loop :

At every point of a current carrying circular loop , The

concentric circles representing the magnetic field around it
would become larger and larger as we move away from

“
wire .By the time we reach at the centre of circular loop ,
The arc of these big circles would appear as straight lines .
Right hand rule can give direction of magnetic field at any
point
 • Factor affecting magnetic field for circular loop :-
1. Current in the loop :magnetic field strength is directly
proportional to the amount of current flowing in
conductor .
2. Radius of loop : Magnetic strength is inversely

“
proportional to the radius of loop .

Note :- For same current , In smaller loop will have stronger

magnetic field than larger loop.
 3. Distance from loop :-
Magnetic strength is inversely proportional to the distance
from the loop .

“
 Q. Draw a diagram to represent uniform magnetic field in a
region .

“
 • Magnetic field due to solenoid :
The solenoid is a long coil containing a large number of
close turns of insulated copper wire.

“ Note :- Magnetic field inside a solenoid is uniform

“
 • Factor affecting magnetic field of solenoid :
1. Current in solenoid .
Magnetic strength is directly proportional to the current .

2. Number of turns in solenoid : [ per unit length ]

“
Number of tons per unit length is directly proportional to
the magnetic field

3. Distance from solenoid :- Distance from solenoid is

inversely proportional to the magnetic field .
  Electromagnet :-
A strong magnetic field produced inside a solenoid can be
used to magnetize a piece of magnetic material , Like soft
iron , when Place inside the coil . The magnet so formed is
called an electromagnet .

“
 Difference between electromagnet and permanent magnet :
Permanent magnet Electromagnet
1.

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
 • R

“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“