Introduction to The

origin of state
PRESENTER:
HAMMAD AHMAD KHAN
What is the State?

A state is a political organization that has sovereignty over a defined territory and
people. It has the authority to make and enforce laws, and it provides security
and other services to its citizens
States also have a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence, which allows them to
maintain order and security
Humans have long been social beings, forming communities that evolved into
complex societies. From these societies emerged the concept of the state, a political
entity that governs a defined territory and its inhabitants. Understanding the origins
of the state is crucial for comprehending the foundation of modern political systems
Theories of the Origin of the State

 There are many theories about how states came into being. Some of the
most common theories include:

 The Force Theory:

 This theory suggests that states were created by force, when one group of people conquered another .
 The force theory suggests that state formation was often driven by the pursuit of power and control. It
highlights the role of violence and conquest in shaping early political structures
 The Evolutionary Theory:
 This theory suggests that states evolved gradually from simpler social forms, such as kinship groups or
chiefdoms
 The evolutionary theory suggests that state formation was a gradual process, driven by the increasing
complexity of human societies. It highlights the role of societal needs and adaptations in shaping political
structures
 The Social Contract Theory:
 This theory suggests that states were created by a social contract between
individuals who agreed to give up some of their freedom in exchange for
protection and order.

 The social contract theory emphasizes the role of consent and cooperation in state
formation. It suggests that individuals recognized the benefits of a governing body
and agreed to abide by its rules
The Development of State
A developmental state seeks to strike a balance between social and economic
advancement. It combats poverty and increases economic possibilities by utilizing state
resources and power. Every nation's state influences the composition and output of its
economy in some way. States in various nations employ a range of tools and strategies,
such as direct state ownership of important businesses, the implementation of fiscal and
monetary policies, the regulation of trade and industry, and the redistribution of income
and assets. Whether a government choose to be more interventionist or developmental or
to leave economic development and redistribution to the whims of the free market
determines the extent of state intervention.