DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

LESSON 4: BOOLEAN ALGEBRA

COMPILED BY: DR. MICHAEL ANGELO D. LIGAYO

09/13/2021
History of Logic Circuits

Primarily, Gottfried Leibniz refined the idea of a binary system. He also proposed

that one can also combine arithmetic and logical principles using the binary number

system in 1705. Later in the year 1854, George Boole discovered the concept of

Boolean algebra that does the consistent way of comparing numbers to construct

decisions. He then published his work in the book titled “An Investigation of the

Laws of Thought on Which Are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic

and Probabilities.” He wished to showcase how mathematical form can represent

human reasoning.
Later, in 1886, the concept of logical operation in the electrical switching circuit was

described by Charles Peirce. In the meantime, fleming valve got used as logic gates, and relays

got replaced by vacuum tubes in 1907. In 1954, Walther Bothe got the Nobel Prize in field of

Physics for the invention of the first modern electronic AND gate in the year 1924. Claude

Shannon then cited the notion of Boolean algebra in 1937 for the design of switching

circuits. Still, research and analysis prevail for the development of molecular logic gates.
SOURCE:
https://www.edrawmax.com/logic-gate/
Why are Logic Gates Important?
- Most of the electronic devices or circuits that we use in our routine life constitute logic gates.
- Every digital device of present generation like a laptop, computer, tablet, and mobile phone use
logic gates. For instance, let us consider computer memory.
- Logic gate have the functionality of storing the data, and hence they are combined to form a
“Latch” circuit and when driven by clock signals, give rise to “Flip-flops.”
- They are known as sequential logic or combinational logic and are responsible for the speed, and
complexity.
- An advanced version, Tri-state logic gate finds a place in CPU and buses to perform multiple
operations and supports plug-ins too.
- At present, CMOS is the developing technology in microchip development where logic gates are
the basic functional blocks.
- Technical microprocessors used in logical circuits consist of more than 100 million gates.
What Is Boolean Algebra?

Boolean algebra is a division of mathematics that deals with

operations on logical values and incorporates binary variables.
Boolean algebra traces its origins to an 1854 book by
mathematician George Boole.
The distinguishing factor of Boolean algebra is
that it deals only with the study of binary
variables. Most commonly Boolean variables are
presented with the possible values of 1 ("true") or
0 ("false"). Variables can also have more complex
interpretations, such as in set theory. Boolean
algebra is also known as binary algebra.
SOURCE: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/boolean-algebra.asp
Sample no. 1:

PROVE THAT: X + X = X
Sample no. 2:

PROVE THAT: X * X = X
Sample no. 3:

PROVE THAT: X + 1 = 1
Sample no. 4:

PROVE THAT: X + XY = X
Sample no. 5:

PROVE THAT: X + X’ Y = X + Y
Sample no. 6:

PROVE THAT: X’Y’Z + X’YZ + XY’ = X’Z + XY’

Sample no. 7:

PROVE THAT: XY + X’Z + YZ = XY + X’Z

Sample no. 8:

PROVE THAT: X’Y’ + XY + X’Y = X’ + Y

Sample no. 9:

PROVE THAT: ABC + A’B + ABC’ = B

ADDITIONAL LECTURES
STUDY THE FOLLOWING LINKS:
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/boolean/bool_1.html
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/boolean/bool_2.htm l
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/boolean/bool_3.html
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/boolean/bool_4.html
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/boolean/bool_5.html
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/boolean/bool_6.html
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/boolean/bool_7.html
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/boolean/bool_8.html