Hypothetical

Proposition
GENERAL MATHEMATICS; LOGIC
GROUP 1
 Proposition

Categorical VS

LESSON Hypothetical

OUTLINE Hypothetical Proposition

3 Basic Forms
A RECALL:

PROPOSITION
A RECALL:

PROPOSITION
• Verbal expression of a judgment
• A statement in which something is
affirmed or denied
• A sentence
• Can be either affirmative or negative
Ex.

Mary is beautiful (AFFIRMATIVE)

Mary is not beautiful (NEGATIVE)

REMEMBER:

ALL PROPOSITIONS
ARE SENTENCES
BUT NOT ALL
SENTENCES ARE
PROPOSITIONS
 Categorical vs Hypothetical

Categorical Proposition Hypothetical Proposition

- Declare something -Expresses the condition
EX:
EX:
• If a man is farsighted, then he needs eyeglasses
• The child is healthy.
• If dry weather continues, the harvest will be
• Some students are not going home
poor.
this summer.
The Hypothetical Proposition does not declare
unqualified affirmation or denial, but expresses
the dependence of one affirmation or denial on
one another.
EXAMPLES :
• If he studied the exam lessons, then he will receive a good
grade.

• If we had not eaten, then we would be hungry.

• If you are in Quiapo, you are not in Manila.

• Either Pedro or Juan is dishonest.

• A body is either at motion or at rest.

3 Basic Forms of
Hypothetical
Propositions
• CONDITIONAL PROPOSITION
• DISJUNCTIVE PROPOSITION
• CONJUNCTIVE PROPOSITION
CONDITIONAL
PROPOSITION
expresses a relation in virtue of which one proposition
follows necessarily from the other because of a definite
condition that is verified. It usually takes the form "if...
then...”
Examples:

• If man were God, then he would be all-knowing.

• If a patient refuses to follow his doctor's orders, then he will suffer a relapse.

The examples show the two elements of the conditional proposition:

(1) The antecedent which is usually introduced by the word "if” and
expresses a condition.

(2) The consequent which expresses what follows when the condition is verified
DISJUNCTIVE
PROPOSITION
by means of the particles "either...or", formally
asserts that two or more alternatives or choices
cannot be false at the same time. At least one of the
alternatives must be true. If all the alternatives can
be false, then the disjunctive proposition is false.
Example:
• You are either a catholic or not. (true)
• You are either a Protestant or a Catholic.
(false- one may be neither a Protestant nor a Catholic.)

There are two forms of the disjunctive proposition;

- the proper (perfect or strict) and

- the improper (imperfect or broad) disjunctive statements.
1. The proper or perfect disjunctive statement- if and when the parts are mutually exclusive.
The enumeration of the possibilities must be complete.

Example:

• A body is either in motion or at rest.

• A man is either married or unmarried.
• An individual is either honest or dishonest.

2. The improper or imperfect disjunctive statement- Parts are not mutually exclusive.

Examples:

• Either Pedro or Juan is dishonest.

• Jose is either sitting or writing.
CONJUNCTIVE
PROPOSITION
formally asserts that certain possibilities cannot all be true.

Example:
• You cannot be guilty and innocent at the same time.(true)
• You cannot sing and dance at the same time.
(false - both alternatives can be true.)
The conjunctive and disjunctive propositions can
be reduced to conditional propositions. That is
why, the hypothetical propositions are often
identified with the conditional statements. As
stated at the outset, the study of propositions is
primarily intended as a preparation for the study of
inferences which begins in the following chapter.
THE
GAME
IDENTIFY THE
HYPOTHETICAL
FORM: Conditional Proposition
• Good luck on acing the exam.

• If you don’t hurry, then you will miss the train.

• You cannot stand and sit at the same time. Disjunctive Proposition
• Either it is evening in Cuba now or afternoon.

• Hurry up! We are gonna miss the train

• A body is either in motion or at rest. Conjunctive Proposition

• A man is either married or unmarried.

• If you don’t eat, then you’ll be hungry.

Not a Proposition
END
THANK
YOU!