 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

 INTERACTIVE TELEVISION

GROUP 3 


PAYMENT SYSTEMS
OTHER EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES
GROUP THREE MEMBERS
PRUDENCE TATENDA MUNYANDURI R214171X
HOPE TAGUTA R213456T

THELMA FADZAI NECHIBVUTE R157573A

TAKUDZA CHIRIMUTA R168101N

GUMISAI ZUZE R208828A

TINASHE CHAYENDERA R167660Q

KUDA HONEST MACHINGA R171445X

OMENDA DADIRAI GUVHEYA R211433C

NOZIZWE MABHENA R0724608J

MEMORY MAGOMERO R178611T

TATENDA BACHI R114494M

HAGGAR MUPOTARINGA R173324F

REGMOND NYONI R144406A

ELVIS CHINGWARO R146300G

CYNTHIA MASAKA R214544M

REASON NYATHI R171113Z

NOTHANDO ESTHER THEBE R211808R

TINOVONGA HLATINI R214211T

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

 Wireless technology provides the ability to communicate between two or more entities
or persons over distances without the use of wires or cables of any sort. This includes
communications using radio frequency (RF) as well as infrared (IR) waves.
 Wireless technology is driving the emergence of new business models that exploit
opportunities beyond the e-business paradigm.
Background and Overview of Wireless
Technology
 The birth of wireless technology started with the discovery of electromagnetic waves
by Heinrich (1857–1894). Guglielmo (1874–1937) established the very first
commercial RF communications, the wireless telegraph, in the late 1890s, more than
fifty years after the first commercial wired telegraph service that was demonstrated in
1832 by Samuel.
 Marconi was also the first to transmit radio signals to a mobile receiver on ships in the
early 1900s. Wireless technology has always been preceded by wired technology and is
usually more expensive, but it has provided the additional advantage of mobility,
allowing the user to receive and transmit information while on the move.
Background and Overview of Wireless
Technology
 A major thrust of wireless technology has been in the area of broadcast communications like
radio, television, and direct broadcast satellite. A single wireless transmitter can send signals to
several hundreds of thousands of receivers if they all receive the same information. Today,
wireless technology encompasses such diverse communication devices as garage-door openers,
baby monitors, walkie-talkies, and cellular telephones, as well as transmission systems such as
point-to-point microwave links, wireless Internet service, and satellite communications.
 Wireless technology involves transmitting electromagnetic signals over the air. Interference and
obstacles that block RF signals are common problems with wireless technology. Wireless
technology allows users to communicate simultaneously over the same medium without their
signals interfering with one another.
Key drivers to the growth and development
of wireless technology
 The huge investment in infrastructure
 The technological advances in software
 The investment capital flowing into the industry
 The growth in demand for mobile wireless devices
 The demand from businesses for mobile and real-time communications
Developments in wireless technology

 Wireless Applications Protocol (WAP) is a standard that transfers data and information to wireless devices.
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a specification for a set of communication protocols to standardize the
way wireless devices, such as mobile phones and radio transceivers, can be used for internet access, including
email, the web, newsgroups and instant messaging. While internet access was possible before the introduction
of WAP, different manufacturers have used varying technologies; WAP promised interoperability between these
technologies
 WI-FI Wireless-fidelity, or wi-fi, is a high-speed local-area network enabling wireless access to the internet for
mobile, office and home users. It is an alternative network to wired network which is commonly used for
connecting devices in wireless mode.
 Its main attribute is its flexibility since it can be used in built-up urban areas without the need for a fixed
connection. However, there have been concerns expressed by some security professionals regarding the ease to
which wi-fi can be hacked into by anyone within range and using the same wireless frequency.
Continuation….

 Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging data
between fixed and mobile devices over short distances using UHF radio waves in the
ISM bands, from 2.402 to 2.48 GHz, and building personal area networks (PANs).[3] It
is mainly used as an alternative to wire connections, to exchange files between nearby
portable devices and connect cell phones and music players with wireless headphones
 WiMAX technology is a wireless broadband communications technology based around
the IEE 802.16 standard providing high speed data over a wide area. The letters of
WiMAX stand for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (AXess), and it is
a technology for point to multipoint wireless networking.
CONTinuation….

 Internet protocol : (IP) is a system that facilitates the convergence of voice and video with existing forms of
internet communication (e-mail, databases, etc.). IP is linked to a common infrastructure that unifies the
computer and IT infrastructure of organisations. This allows workers to communicate with anyone else in any
part of the globe using a choice of communications media including video conferencing, mobile phones or
laptop computers. IP also extends to mobile communications.
 Voice recognition: A great amount of time, energy and resources has been poured into developing voice

recognition technology. Voice or speaker recognition is the ability of a machine or program to receive and

interpret dictation or to understand and carry out spoken commands. Voice recognition has gained
prominence and use with the rise of AI and intelligent assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa, Apple's Siri
and Microsoft's Cortana. Voice recognition systems enable consumers to interact with technology simply by
speaking to it, enabling hands-free requests, reminders and other simple tasks.
CONTinuation….

 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allows you to make voice
calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line.
Some VoIP services may only allow you to call other people using the same service, but
others may allow you to call anyone who has a telephone number - including local,
long distance, mobile, and international numbers. Also, while some VoIP services only
work over your computer or a special VoIP phone, other services allow you to use a
traditional phone connected to a VoIP adapter.
How Has Wireless Technology Enhanced
Business?
 Improved communication: One of the biggest benefits wireless technology has delivered to the
workplace is improved communication. Colleagues can now instantly message each other, regardless of
where they are. This allows for much faster collaboration and it also helps to identify and resolve any
potential issues quickly. It has delivered numerous forms of communication too including email, instant
messaging and through smartphone apps

 Increased flexibility: Wireless technology has really helped to increase flexibility in business too.
Employees working within the office aren’t tied to specific locations. They can access the network no
matter where they are, helping them to work much more productively. One of the most significant
benefits of this, is when employees have to visit other sites. They will still be able to access your systems
even when they’re out of the office. This has also helped to develop remote working, allowing employees
to work from home some days during the week.
Continuation….

 Better efficiency: As wireless technology speeds up both working and communication, it leads to

improved efficiency. This in turn helps to boost customer satisfaction, while also helping the

business to generate more profits. The faster and more convenient your internet connection is, the

better it’s going to be for the business. Therefore, companies are advised to look into investing in the

fastest internet connections they can find.

 Enabling real time data: To a greater extend, wireless technology has helped businesses to capture

real time data. This provides so many fantastic benefits. Data is proving to be pivotal for today’s

companies, helping them to learn more about their target market, as well as identify opportunities for

growth. Without data analysis, businesses today would struggle to keep up with their competitors.
Continuation….

 In the Office: Wired networks are old hat. Wi-Fi wireless technology saves
businesses a considerable amount of money on installation costs. Companies no longer
have to physically run wires throughout an office building, warehouse or store. This is
especially handy for businesses that have workers that move throughout the location,
but still need to stay connected to inventory or sales software through portable devices.
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that acts as a complement to Wi-Fi. It is
often used to transfer data between a computer and a cellphone or connect a wireless
headset. Workers gain flexibility while businesses reduce investment costs
Continuation….

 Mobilizing Workers: Cell phones, laptops and netbooks combined with GPS, Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth wireless technologies have created the potential for a powerful mobile
workforce. Small businesses are often in competition with larger companies and need
to maximize the efficiency of workers. They can't afford to have employees out of
touch. Owners often wear many hats and have to keep track of multiple facets of a
business, even during nights, weekends and vacations. Wireless technologies ensure
that businesses aren't tied down to a single location..
INTERACTIVE TELEVISION

DEFINITION

 Interactive TV is an approach to television advertising and programming that creates

the opportunity for viewers to communicate with advertisers and programming
executives by responding to a call to action.
CONT….

 Interactive TV is how television users can interact with, altering the appearance of what is
displayed or having an impact on the display in some other way, rather than consuming passively.
 There are a number of approaches to interactive television, ranging from programs where viewers
can vote to television with instant messaging capabilities, allowing people to chat while they are
watching television.
 The earliest attempts at interactive television date to the 1950s, when viewers were invited to
engage with what was happening onscreen, although they could not alter the programming itself.
The phenomenon took off in the 1990s as more and more viewers acquired Internet and became
accustomed to interactive programming.
 Some interactive TV requires people to use special television sets designed for
interactive programming. In other cases, the set-top box unit can have programming for
interactive television, often connected to the user's Internet connection. Special remotes
may be provided, as well with extra controls for interactive activities. In addition to
using the Internet, interactive TV can also rely on the phone line or on cell phones, with
people interacting over the phone.
FORMS OF INTERACTION

Interactive TV allows various forms of interaction, such as:

 Interacting with the TV set
 Interacting with the program content
 Interacting with TV-related content
 Interactive TV services
 Closed-circuit interactive television
 Some degree of interactivity, such as on-demand delivery and online shopping and
banking, has existed for some time. But to be truly interactive, the viewer should be
able to control the viewing experience. For instance, if you are watching a tennis
match, with TV you could choose to watch at an angle where the camera focusses on
your favorite player.
 Addressable advertising could greatly improve advertising effectiveness by targeting
products and advertising messages that are better attuned to individual households. The
click stream would tell marketers which ads are being accessed and allow them to alter
ad messages in real time.
FOUR MAIN APPLICATIONS OF
INTERACTIVITY
 Customized viewing experience: Viewers are able to control their viewing experience.
 T-commerce: Viewers will be able to use their remote to shop for products advertised
on the screen without dialling a phone.
 Other frills: Viewers can pause live TV or record shows, click on advertisements (or
other content) for more details.
 Consumer analytics: Analysis of the clickstream can provide marketers with a profile
of each viewer, revealing their needs and preferences. This should help better direct
advertising (addressable advertising) and direct marketing efforts.
Benefits of interactive television

 Interactive TV increases engagement levels by allowing user participation and

feedback. It can also become part of a connected living room and be controlled using
devices other than the remote control, like mobile phones and tablets.
 Allows for viewers to interact with live action videos. Viewers are glued
 A geographically dispersed population can be reached immediately
irrespective of location.
 Unfiltered information transfer meaning that all receivers gets the same message.
Problems Associated with interactive
television
 Lack of privacy
 Lack of feedback
 The presenter is unable to see what is going on at every desk and can not obtain a feel
for the audience
 Disruptive
 Split focus for viewers
 Interactivity is still experimental for now, yet companies are hoping that in-built
interactive elements will serve to differentiate their content, enhance customers’
viewing experiences, and permit advertisers to better direct their marketing efforts.
Payment Systems

DEFINITION

 Any conventional or new payment system which enables financial transactions to be

made securely from one organisation or individual to another over the internet (Shon
and Swatman: 1998).

 Khan et al (2017) define payment systems as types of inter-organisational information

systems for money related transactions , connecting numerous associations and
individual clients.
Key points about payment systems

 Modern payment systems make use of the internet, and hence depend on the role of
service providers and technological infrastructure.
 These payment systems link a number of individuals or organisations together
 Modern payment systems are free from the confines of geographical distances.
 Payment systems contribute to economic activity by providing methods for transferring
funds that facilitates transactions between economic agents (Perez. 2016).
 Modern payment systems have been developed to authenticate buyers and sellers and to
offer them both privacy and security (Combe, 2006).
Common Payment Systems

 Credit Payment System: this system involves the use of a card issued by a financial
institute to the cardholder. These cards are then used to make online payments without
the use of physical cash, for example, e-wallet (a form of prepaid account that stores
users’ financial data like debit and credit card information), master card and the
common bank cards used around.
Continuation….

 Cash Payment System: This payment system makes use of debit cards and allows the
holder to instruct the bank to electronically collect a specific amount of money from his or
her account to pay for goods and services, for example, e-cash- a form of an electronic
payment system where a certain amount of money is stored on a client’s device and made
accessible for online transactions. Ecocash is somehow closer to this as money is stored in
a mobile gadget and can be used via online transactions.
 Interbank systems for electronic retail funds transfer: this allows electronic transfer of
money within banks.
 Electronic money systems for processing payments, for example, automated teller
machines, point of sale machines and real time gross settlement systems (RTGS).
Benefits of payment systems

 Enable firms and individuals to make payments for their goods and services from
wherever they are which in turn may lead to increased sales.
 Online payment systems are usually convenient as they can be done at anytime and
from any place.
 They are a cost saving mechanism as travelling costs for physically going to the shops
are excluded.
Challenges of e-business payment systems

 They are dependent on technological infrastructure and are a challenge where this
infrastructure is poor or is unavailable.
 Can be threatened by fraudulent activities.
OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

 Internet television (IPTV) enables viewers to choose from a vast archive of film and television
programmes. IPTV was to be rolled out in America in 2005 and was anticipated to reach British shores
in 2007. Internet television was been in development for over a decade with Microsoft being one of the
leading firms investing in this new technology. BT has agreed a deal with Microsoft to develop the
underlying technology for providing a television network delivered over phone lines. The aim is to
deliver a range of existing TV channels alongside video-on-demand services through a set-top box

 Mobile phone television Major telecommunications businesses are involved in providing mobile
television services. For example, Orange provide a mobile phone TV service in France using 3G
technology. Vodaphone already provides a mobile phone TV service in Germany and intends to roll out
similar services in the UK to try to boost demand for its 3G services
OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
CONT….
 Wireless technologies have made it easier to expand Internet access to areas that were
hard to reach with wired tech.
 Facebook, Google and SpaceX have all launched projects with this goal in mind.
Facebook is working on using drones flown at high altitudes to beam Internet
connectivity to people on the ground below.
 Google took a similar approach with a variation on weather balloons, and SpaceX is
working on small, low-orbiting satellites that would create networks.
OTHER EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
CONT….
 The next generation of wireless connectivity is 5G, and it’s already here, although not
yet in full force. Telecom companies have started to roll out their 5G networks, and
they should be fully available within the next five years or so.
 Even though 5G is just now being introduced, the industry is already preparing for the
next generation of technology, 6G. The Center for Converged TeraHertz
Communications and Sensing (ComSenTer), part of the Semiconductor Research
Corporation, is researching the radio technologies that will enable the sixth generation
of wireless tech.
 Another exciting future wireless technology is Li-fi which is similar to Wi-Fi but uses
visible light waves instead of radio waves to send data. Researchers at the University of
Edinburgh have worked to develop the technology, and it has been tested at a factory in
Estonia.
THE END