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Chapter 8. Language Change
Chapter 8. Language Change
Language Change
복습
[English in History]
OE: 449-1066
ME: 1066-1500
MoE: 1500-Present
Morphological Change
• Like phonological rules, rules of morphology may be
lost, added or changed.
[Borrowing]
borrowing from foreign languages: common source of
new words
• Pronunciation adjustment:
ensemble [ãsãbəl] (F) > ensemble [ãnsãmbəl]
• Borrowed pronunciation:
–Bach [bax] (G) > [bax]
• Loan translation( 번역차용 ): borrowed and then translated
• Indirect borrowing:
Algebra (A) > algebra (Sp) > algebra (E)
cf. and, be, have, it, of, the, to, will, you, on,
that, is..
• By Normans
•Borrowing from French
[meat]
ox > beef (<boeuf);
pig > pork (<porc);
sheep > mutton (<mouton)
[cooking]
boil, fry, stew, roast...
• phoneme borrowing:
/v/ & /ʒ/ from F.
[cuisinary terms]
[learned vocabulary]
• Greek: drama, comedy, tragedy, scene, botany,
physics, zoology, atomic...
[Broadening]
• (dogge > dog), holiday, picture, quarantine,
[Narrowing]
• meat (cf. flesh)
[Meaning Shifts]