SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS (SMA’s)

V. Ramesh K Naik
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid, AP, India – 521202

Abstract Classification of SMA’s Properties of SMA’s Applications of SMA’s

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA's) are novel materials which SMA’s have gone mainly three important properties. Those are During the last few years, a wide variety of applications of SMA’s
They are classified into two types
have the ability to regain its predetermined shape when have emerged both in form of products and concepts.
1. One-Way SMA’s: 1.Shape Memory Effect
1. Industrial Applications 2. Medical Applications
heated. SMA’s are a type of smart materials which have • To know about SMA’s, certainly we have to know about the
These are exhibiting the • Cryofit hydraulic tube coupling
unique feature diffusion less solid-to-solid phase shape memory effect. • Tumor
transformation from martensite to austenite and vice characteristic of “regaining its • Suppose take a SMA for example NiTi (Nitinol) • Temperature control system
• Eye glasses
versa. Composite structures embedded with SMA’s have original state only on heating alone”. • Force actuators • Bone plates
many benefits like actuation, vibration control and • Heat engines • Surgical anchor,
damping, sensing and self-healing. However, substantial • Lifting devices • Catheters
2. Two-Way SMA’s: • Blood clot filters
research in this area, a comparable adoption of SMA • Sensors
These are exhibiting the • Toys
•
composites by industry has not yet been realized. Because
characteristic of “regaining its • Aeronautics and Robotics
of the material complexity that includes strong
thermomechanical coupling, large inelastic deformations, original state by both heating and
and variable thermoplastic properties. SMA’s are cooling”.
becoming increasingly accepted in engineering Examples:
applications. SMA’s are used in a variety of fields, such as Most common class of SMA’s is
medical and aeronautical. Many fields have been Nitinol (Ni-Ti alloys). Other alloys
researching on these materials, attracted by their capacity
Showing this effect include CuZn, Advantages Disadvantages
to dissipate energy through high-strain hysteretic cycles 2. Pseudoelasticity
without significant residual strains. NiAl, NiMn, CuZnAl, CuZnSi, CuZnGa, NiMnAl,
 Bio-compatibility • Expensive
NiMnCr, NiMnTi, NiTiFe, MnFeSi, AuCd .etc..
 Diverse field of applications • Poor fatigue life
Introduction Detwinned Martensite
(stressed)
 Good mechanical properties
Memory of Memory alloys: Transformations in SMA’s:  Corrosion resistance
The earliest recorded observation of the shape Based on temperature it will undergoes into two forms
Conclusion

STRESS
memory effect was by Avne Olander in 1932. He observed 2. Martensite transformation There are many possible applications for SMAs. The many
the pseudoelastic behavior in Au-Cd alloy. In1967, at • When the material is subjected at low temperature then uses and applications of shape memory alloys ensure a bright
Naval Ordance Laboratory, Beuhler discovers shape it will exhibit a martensite phase Mf Ms As Af
future for these metals. Research is currently carried out at many
memory effect in nickel titanium alloy (Nitinol) which robotics departments and materials science departments. With the
• Material will be very soft Austenite

proved to be a major breakthrough in the field of shape
memory alloys. He is one who discover this class of
SMA’s. In 1980, it was used by NASA in an Earth orbiting
space station. 1970-1980 – First reports of nickel-titanium
implants being used in medical applications. Mid-1990s,
Memory metals start to become widespread in medicine
and soon move to other applications. Within the last ten
years, a number of commercial products have appeared in
the market and the understanding of the phenomenon has
very much increased.
What is Shape Memory Alloys (SMA’s)?
A shape-memory alloys (SMA, smart metal,
memory metal, memory alloy, muscle wire, smart
alloy) are metal alloys that can be deformed at one
temperature but when heated and cooled, return to their
“original” Shape.
Shape memory alloys (SMA) have been known for
over five decades and modeling of their response has
attracted much attention over the last two decades. Recent
increase in the range of applications of these materials has
lead to an increased focus on modeling their
thermomechanical response.
RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2015
• This can be in two forms
 Twinned and Detwinned martensite
2. Austenite transformation
• When the material is subjected at high temperature then
it shows austenite phase.
• Material is having a stronger bond
 By heating and cooling we can change these phases,
that is the extraordinary unique property the SMA’s
have got.
 A phase transformation which occurs between these
two phases upon heating/cooling is the basis for the
unique properties of the SMA’s
 The important part of SMA’s are which we have to look
into their characteristics or properties.
• Low temperature High temperature
austenite
martensite (twinned) cubic structure
innovative ideas for applications of SMA’s and the number of
Temperature products on the market using SMA’s continually growing,
advances in the field of shape memory alloys for use in many
3. Hysteresis different fields of study seem very promising.
• The transformation or temperature changes even though they are
happening in a wide range, there is no overlapping of References
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Ramesh K Naik. V
Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid, AP, India – 521202
Email id:- rameshrguktn@gmail.com
Cell No:- +91 7995126206

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