PLASTIC PROCESSING

GROUP 01 PRESENTATION
ME 8102
PARTICIPANTS;
JUMA MOHAMED JUMA
NAFTARI ONESMO JOHN
FARUK JUMA RAIS
SAMSON MARCO SAMSON

12/20/2023 1
 Introduction..

 Plastic materials; is the transformation of raw materials into usable

forms and products.
 Plastic materials; are synthetic materials which are molded into shape
under pressure with or without the application of heat.
 Plastic materials can be molded and or shaped into various forms and
products.
 Some examples of plastic materials include nylon, polyethylene and
rubbers.

12/20/2023 2
Intro……

12/20/2023 3
 Types of plastic materials.

There are three types of plastic materials. Namely;

1. Thermosetting plastic materials.

2. Thermoplastic materials.

3. Elastomers materials.

12/20/2023 4
1. Thermosetting plastic materials.

 Thermosetting plastic materials; is a type plastic that hardens permanently

when heated.
 It is made up of polymers that undergo a chemical reaction when exposed to
heat, which causes them to cross-link and solidify.
 Examples of thermosetting plastic materials are Bakelite, epoxy resin and
polyurethane.

12/20/2023 5
Cont….

12/20/2023 6
 Characteristics of thermosetting.

 Are irreversibly hardened by heat.

 Are good insulators and are resistant to chemicals.
 They have high strength, durability, resistant to heat and corrosion and low
shrinkage.
 Are brittle and can’t be remolded or recycled once cured

12/20/2023 7
 Uses of thermosetting materials.

 Are used for electrical insulators, radios, telephones and other appliances.
Example Bakelite.
 Used as an adhesive, coating, molds and composite materials for various
applications such as airplane, automobile.
 Used for sealants, coating, molds and medical devices.
 used for foam mattresses, furniture, coating and adhesives.

12/20/2023 8
 Thermoplastic materials.

 Thermoplastic materials are types of plastics that can be melted and

reshaped by heating and then solidify by cooling.
 Are generally different from thermosetting materials which cannot be
remolded once they are cured.
 Examples of thermoplastic materials include polypropylene, polystyrene and
polyethylene.

12/20/2023 9
Cont….

12/20/2023 10
 Characteristics of thermoplastic.

 versatility. Can be molded and formed into various shapes and size

 Flexibility. Are highly malleable when heated, allowing them be easily bent,
stretched without breaking.
 Durability and strength. They have high strength, toughness and resistance to
impact making them suitable for applications that require durability and
reliability.
 Resistant to chemicals and corrosion.
 Electrical insulation.
 Adhesion to metals.

12/20/2023 11
 Uses of thermoplastics.

 Used for packaging and storage.

 Consumer goods.
 Are used to make gears, bearings, screws, valves and fittings that can
withstand wear and tear, friction and corrosion.
 Used to make toys, furniture and clothing.

12/20/2023 12
 Elastomers.

 Are plastic materials that have ability to stretch and return to their original
shape and size.
 Are also known as thermoplastic rubbers, because they combine the
properties of both rubber and plastic.
 Elastomers are made up of long chain like molecules, called polymers, which
are hold together by weak intermolecular forces. This allows them to be
flexible and elastic but also resistant to abrasion, tear and chemicals
 Examples of rubbers includes polyamide, polyolefin and styrene-butadiene.

12/20/2023 13
Cont…

12/20/2023 14
 Characteristics of elastomers.

 Lightweight. Have low density and high strength to weight ratio, making them
easy to transport and handle.
 Durability. They have high resistance to impact, abrasion, corrosion and
chemicals.
 Flexible. Can easily be molded and formed into different shape and size.
 Insulating. Have low heat and electrical conductivity.
 Transparent. They can allow light to pass through them.

12/20/2023 15
 Plastic processing.

 Plastic processing is the conversion of raw plastic materials into (semi-)

finished products.
 . There are different types of plastic and different methods of processing
them, depending on their properties and applications.
 Some of common methods of plastic processing are; extrusion, injection
molding, thermoforming and blow molding.

12/20/2023 16
 1. Extraction.

 This is the method of forcing molten plastic through a die o nozzle to create a
continuous shape, such as tube, road sheet and size of product depend on the
design of die or nozzle.
 Extrusion is used to make product such as pipes, hoses, cables and films.

12/20/2023 17
 2. Injection molding.

 A process that involves melting plastic pallets and injecting them into a mold
under high pressure.
 The mold is then cooled and opened to release the product.
 This method is used for producing complex and precise shapes, such as
medical devices and electronic components.

12/20/2023 18
 3. Thermoforming.

 A process that involves heating plastic sheet and stretching it over a mold or a
vacuum.
 The mold is then cooled and product is trimmed.
 This method is used for producing long and large shapes, such as pipes, rods
and films.

12/20/2023 19
 4. Blowing molding.

 In this process plastic is melted and formed into a hollow shape by inflating it
with air. This technique is commonly used for producing bottles and container.

12/20/2023 20
THANK YOU!!!

12/20/2023 21