Fundamentals of

Database &Database
analysis and design
A B D U L WA J I D FA Z I L
Course Plan & outline
WEEK# TOPICS DETIALS
1 Introduction to database systems and their architectures
2 Relation model
3 SQL (DDL , DML)
4 SQL (DDL , DML)
5 SQL (DDL , DML)
6 fact finding
7 ER modeling and UML Class Exam
8 ER modeling and UML
9 Review and Midterm exam
10 EER modeling and UML
11 Mapping ER model to Relational model
12 Mapping EER model to Relational model
13 Normalization
14 Normalization
15 Final Project
16 Final Exam
Data?
Data: raw material data can be defined as a collection of a distinct unit of information. It refers
to each item that is stored in a database.
Data can be stored in multiple different forms depending on its requirement and usage. It can be
in the form of text, numbers, images, or any other media.
Raw data collected from different sources have to be processed and cleaned before it can be
used to make decisions in any organization.
Database?
Database: collection of related data
The database is an organized collection of logically structured information or data. Which is
stored ,read and access by the computer systems and software's.
Information: organized form of data
Importance of database:
1. Retrieve
2. Process
3. generate
What is database system?
Database system is a collection of data stored in a computer in an organized and structured
manner that can be easily retrieved, manipulated and managed by various software
applications.

It provides mechanisms to store and manage large amounts of structured and semi-structured
data and enable access to this data by multiple users and applications.
What is a database management system (DBMS)?

A software system that enables users to define, create, and maintain the database
and that provides controlled access to this database.
A DBMS serves as an interface between the database and its end users or programs, allowing
users to retrieve, update, and manage how the information is organized and optimized.
A DBMS also facilitates oversight and control of databases, enabling a variety of administrative
operations such as performance monitoring, tuning, and backup and recovery.
Database Development Life Cycle
An Example (cont'd.)
Database Designing is similar to below picture instruction
Database model
1. Flat:
Duplicated data
Large storage space
Separate operation and maintenance
2. Relational
Separate tables
Distinct data
Lower storage space according to flat model
Data combination between tables
 Database Methods
1. File System

No centralized system

Repeated data
More resource needed
Synchronization problem
Low security
 Database Methods
2. DBMS

Easy operation and maintenance

Flexible management
Less source required
High security
Always synchronized
Restriction and access level
DBMS(Database Management System)
Collection of programs that enables user to create and maintains a database.
Advantages of DBMS:
Controlling redundancy
Restriction access
Providing multiple user interfaces
Representing complex relationships among them
Enforcing integrity constraint
Providing backup and recovery
 DBMS Workflow
User sends a request
DBMS receives request and process it
DBMS check the restrictions and permissions
DBMS response to the user based on requested query
DBMS Components
Data
integrated, shared
Hardware
fast storage devices,cpu,main memory, network devices
Software
application programs,os,SQL
Users
DBA,DBD,DBP,enduser
DBMS Responsibility
Data describe
Data manipulation
Request management
Retrieves of the data
Authentication and authorization
Store and insertion of new data
Data synchronization
Backup facility
???