Professional Documents
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Filaria
Filaria
PRESENTED
BY
DEEPA DHUNGANA
B.SC.MLT 3RD YR
LACHS/JFIHS
Contents
Introduction
Classification
History
Geographical distribution
Habitat
Morphology
Life cycle
Pathogenesis
Clinical manifestation
Laboratory diagnosis
Treatment
prophylaxis
Introduction
History
Demarquay (1963) first described the microfilariae
in the hydrocele fluid.
1) Adult worms
Size; male : 2.5-4 cm length x0.1 mm thick
female;8-10cm length x 0.2-0.3mm thick
Female is viviparous.
Definitive host
-man
Intermediate host
- mosquito (Culex, Anopheles & Aedes species)
Stage in the development of microfilaria in the mosquito
Note
The time taken for the complete development of microfilaria
in the mosquito varies from 10-20 days or more , depending
however on the atmospheric tempr , humidity & also to a
certain extent an the species of the mosquito.
Entrance into man & development into adult worms
2)Elephantiasis
hypertrophy of affected part
Tropical pulmonary
eosinophilia(TPE)
Also called eosinophilic lung or Weingartens syndrome.
1)Inflammation
periodic attacks of fever with lymphangitis which
are due to the result of sensitisation to metabolites of
the worm located elsewhere.
2)Dialation of lymphatics
Asymptomatic filariasis
These are cases of light infections.
Symptomatic filariasis
These can be divided into two phase.
-Inflammatory phase
-obstructive phase
Inflammatory phase
Characterised by lymphangitis & lymphadenitis.
Specimens
Peripheral blood is the specimen of choice.
Advantage
Blood can be collected during daytime for the
demonstration of Ag.
2. Cellular assay
Filarial skin test
Invitro lymphocyte responses to filarial Ags.
Disadvantage
Assay is not specific.
F) Molecular methods
PCR detect as low as 1pg of filarial DNA, which is nearly
1% of the DNA in one microfilariae,in patients blood.
1. X ray
Chest x ray shows diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in
patients with TPE.
Diethyl carbamazine
1st day – 50mg after food
2nd day - 50mg three times daily
3rd day - 100mg three times daily
4-21th day - 5mg /kg/day in three divided doses
Ivermectin
Single oral dose of drug 150μg/kg body weight
Prophylaxis
Destruction of mosquito.