FITT 1 – MOVEMENT ENHANCEMENT

Overview of Physical Education

For about a century, many
people have been confused
about the term physical
education, and are not exactly
sure about the term and what
physical education teachers
do. Even college students,
who have chosen physical
education as their major field
shared this confusion. Despite
this confusion, physical
education has been accepted
as part of the curriculum in all
schools.
 Article 1, International Charter of Physical
Education and Sports, UNESCO, Paris,
1978 and Recommendation 1,
International Disciplinary Regional
Meeting of Experts on Physical Education,
UNESCO, Brisbane, 1982 –

“The practice of physical education and

The Legality of sport is a fundamental right of all…”

Physical Education “And this right should not be treated as

different in principle from the right to
adequate food, shelter, and medical care.”
 Article XIV, Section 19, 1986 Constitution
of the Republic of the Philippines –
“The state shall promote physical education
and encourage sports programs, league
competitions and amateur sports including
training for international competition to
foster self-discipline, teamwork, and
excellence for the development of a
The Legality of healthy and alert citizenry.”
“All educational institutions shall undertake
Physical Education regular sports activities throughout the
country and in cooperation with athletic
clubs and other sectors.”
The Definition of Physical Education

With new understanding of the

nature of human beings in which
wholeness of the individual is the
outstanding fact, physical education
becomes according to Jesse Feiring
Williams (1977) “education
through the physical”.
The Definition of Physical Education
Stressing the total educational experience,
John E. Nixon and Ann E. Jewett, as restated by
William Freeman (1977) defined physical education
as “that phase of total process of education
which is concerned with the development and
utilization of the individual’s movement
potential and related responses, and with the
stable behavior modifications in the individual
which results from these responses”.
The Definition of Physical Education

According to Robert P. Pangrazi

(1998), “physical education is that
phase of general educational
program that contributes to the total
growth and development of each
child through movement
experiences”.
The Definition of Physical Education

Deborah Wuest and Charles Bucher

(1999) defined physical education as “an
educational process that uses physical
activity as a means to help individuals
acquire skills, fitness, knowledge, and
attitudes that contribute to their
optimal development and well-being”
 Physical Education has existed since the earliest
stages of humanity, in areas as simple as where
knowledge of basic survival.
Ancient Romans – component of military trainings
Ancient Greeks – Form of entertainment
BRIEF HISTORY Middle Ages – sports are considered sinful
Renaissance – sports are revived.
 BRIEF HISTORY
1700’s – it was promoted to masses
1800’s – P. E. found its way into formal schools in Germany, Sweden,
United Kingdom, and America.
1900’s – the most significant development was the large-
scale provision of P.E. programs for girls and people with
disabilities.
 Physical Development
To be able to maintain lifelong
health and high level of physical fitness,
one should actively participate in physical
activities.

Objectives of Physical Education

 Social Development
One can acquire desirable
social traits through participation
in sports related activities
Objectives of Physical Education
 Emotional Development
Physical Education activities
provide opportunities for self
expression and emotional mastery.

Objectives of Physical Education

 Mental Development
Individual develops his
mental capacities as he learns
different activities.
Objectives of Physical Education
 Physical Fitness
Fitness
• The ability to carry out daily tasks efficiently with enough physical
capacity to cope with the physical needs of life.
• States that it is the ability to carry out daily tasks efficiently with
enough energy left over to enjoy leisure time pursuits and to meet
unforeseen emergencies.
 Physical Fitness

• The ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without
undue fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure time pursuits
and to meet unforeseen emergencies.
• Physical fitness at any age depends upon eating the correct foods,
having sufficient rest, taking adequate daily exercise, and maintaining
a strong mental attitude.
 Aspects of Fitness
1. Physical fitness - refers to the ability of an individual to perform his
daily tasks efficiently without undue fatigue and has some extra
“reserves” in case of emergency.
 2. Social fitness
is the ability to mingle with different types of people and interest and
concern for others.
 3. Emotional fitness
refers to the ability of an individual to control his emotions or feelings.
 4. Mental fitness
is the ability to cope with common problems of everyday living.

Total fitness. It refers to the fitness of the whole person including

physical, mental, social and emotional fitness
 Components of Physical fitness
Here follows the ten components of physical fitness and its respective
indicators;
Health-Related Fitness Components
1. Cardio respiratory Endurance – the ability of the lungs and heart to
take in and transport adequate amounts of oxygen to the working
muscles.
2. Muscular Endurance – the ability of the muscles to apply a
sub maximal force repeatedly or to sustain a muscular
contraction for a certain period of time.
3. Muscular strength – the maximal one effort force that can
be exerted against a resistance.
4. Flexibility - the functional capacity of a joint to move
through a full range of motion.
5. Body Composition – the ratio of lean body tissue (muscle
and bone) to body fat tissue.
 Skill-Related Fitness Components
1. Agility - quickness or movement from one direction to another.
2. Speed - the ability of the individual to make a successive
movement of the same kind in the shortest time
3. Balance – the state of equilibrium.
4. Power – refers to muscular power which is the ability to
release maximum force in the shortest period of time; the
ability of the muscle to exert effort.
5. Reaction Time – the amount of time it takes to start a
movement once your senses signal the need to move.
6. Coordination – the ability to use the senses together with
body parts in performing tasks smoothly and accurately
THANK YOU!