ART INTERGRATED

PROJECT JHARKHAND
AND TELANGANA

BY M.VINIL KUMAR
IX-A
55
KV NO 2 UPPAL
1 MINERALS AVAILABLE ITS SOURCES POTENTIAL
AREA THE PROCESS OF THEIR FORMATION

 Jharkhand is a blessed land with the natural gift of immense mineral potential and other natural
resources. Jharkhand state enjoys a strong position on the mineral map of the country. No region
in the world is gifted with such a vast mineralization in such a close vicinity as is there in
Jharkhand. The state has potential deposits of energy, ferrous, non-ferrous, fertilizer, industrial,
refractory, atomic, strategic, precious and semi-precious groups of minerals. The state stretches
over 79,714 square kilometer geographical areas with 29.61% forest area and owns about 40%
of total mineral resources of India. The State Occupies 1st position in coal reserves, 2nd position
in Iron, 3rd position in Copper ore reserve, 7th position in Baxuite reserve and is the sole
producer of prime coking coal. Presently Jharkhand state is annually producing about 160
million tonnes of various types of minerals worth Rs 15,000 crore and generating mineral
revenue to the tune of about Rs 3,500 crore. The deposits of Coal, Iron ore, Bauxite, Uranium,
Limestone, Dolomite, Pyroxenite , Quartz and Quartzite available in sufficient quantity. The
deposits of China Clay, Fireclay, Magnetite, Graphite, Kyanite, Feldspar, Mica & Decorative
Stones are available in plenty. The deposits of Andalusite, Manganese, Chromite, Beryl, Talc,
Gold, Bentonite are available in small quantity .
 Minerals In Jharkhand

 Jharkhand is enjoying economic prosperity because of the rich mineral deposits. Jharkhand was
separated from Bihar in the year 2000. It got a heavy share of minerals that paved the way for
unprecedented development.
 Jharkhand has around forty per cent of India’s mineral deposits. It occupied the third position
in terms of the mineral manufacturer. In 2016, the mining field’s outcome was around sixteen
thousand crores. The growth rate was eight per cent.
 Retaining a skilled labour force during the mining procedure, there is an unmet possibility for
the market to stir up the economic climate of India.
 Mining adds around seventy per cent to the non-tax income of the state. It has given employment
to many, improving the living standard and economy. Jharkhand also has an excellent
performance regarding labour reform.
 As a result of its diversified mineral deposits, Jharkhand is thought of as having a geological
significance to nature. The tale of mineral resources of Jharkhand is exemplary. The minerals
found are coal, copper, iron ore, apatite, Mica, etc.
 Coal

 Jharkhand has a massive reserve of coal. It is estimated at around

eighty thousand million tonnes. It has around twenty-seven per cent of
India’s coal. It looks after the central part of the nation’s power
demands. Coal is utilised for the generation of electricity and in many
other industries. It is used to produce steel, metal production, chemical
production, cement production, and commercial heating.
 Coal is primarily utilised to produce electricity in thermal power plants.
At high temperatures, powdered coal burns very well. This heats the
water and converts it into steam. The steam spins the turbines, which
generate electricity.
 Iron Ore

 Jharkhand minerals generate one-fourth of India’s iron ore. It has iron ore
which has a value of more than four thousand million tonnes. It is primarily
employed in the manufacture of steel. The most valuable iron ores are
magnetite and hematite.
 Steel is made from magnetite and hematite. These ores have a good
percentage of metallic iron.
 Mica

 The leading mica manufacturer in India is Jharkhand. It has almost half of the
country’s mica deposits in the Kodera region. Mica is insulating and heat tolerant.
Due to these properties, mica is used in many industries. They are employed in
heating devices, lighting equipment, decorative panels, etc.
Copper

 The East Singhbhum area of Jharkhand has copper in abundance.

Jharkhand alone has twenty per cent of total copper in the country. Copper
is utilised mainly in wiring, industrial machinery, plumbing, etc. Copper is
an excellent conductor of electricity. It is used in alliances.
Apatite

 This state has twenty-seven per cent of India’s apatite deposits.

It is a prosperous phosphate source and finds its use in
phosphate fertilisers.
TELANGANA

 Telangana is the Only State in entire Southern India with vast deposits of Coal. The Black Gold is
being mined by M/s.Singareni Collieries Company Ltd, (State Government Company).
 State is endowed with medium grade Iron Ore deposits in Bayyaram Reserve Forest and Float Iron Ore
deposits in Revenue & Patta Lands of Khammam District and low grade scattered Iron Ore deposits in
Karimnagar District.
 Iron Ore deposits in Telangana State is under exploration by GSI, DM&G and SCCL to assess mineral
reserves for establishment of Steel Plant as envisaged in State Reorganisation Act, 2014.
 Uranium deposit with estimated reserves of 20000 Metric Tons occurs in Lambapur, Pulicherla,
Nammapuram & Yellapuram areas of Nalgonda District. M/s.Uranium Corporation of India Ltd
(UCIL) filed application over an extent of 542 Hectares for mineral concession.
 Manganese Ore occurs in Adilabad District. Previously exploited by M/s. Manganese Ore India Ltd.
(MOIL), a GoI Undertaking. Now being mined by private sector.
 Tan Brown porphyritic granite deposit occurring as younger emplacements in Karimnagar,
Peddapally, Jagityal, Rajanna-Sircilla District is unique and is being exploited on large scale.
With variation in colour of feldspar, brown/brownish component, the granite is marketed under
commerical name Coffee Brown, Maple Red. These varieties being exported to China & South
East Asian Countries.
 Gneissic Granite occurring in Bheemgal and other areas in Nizamabad District is marketed
under commerical name Indian Aurora and it is mostly used for flooring purpose and
manufacture of monuments with good international market.
 Dolerite dykes occur in Khammam, Warangal Urban, Warangal Rural, Mahabubabad,
Nalgonda, Suryapet, Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri, Rangareddy,Vikarabad, Mahabubnagar,
Wanaparthy & Nagar Kurnool Districts are prominent for extraction of cut & dressed blocks of
Jet Black, Absolute Black, Tiger Skin and other varieties of Granite.
 Limestone Slabs occur in Vikarabad and Nalgonda Districts. Suitable for flooring & elevation
purposes being marketed in entire Country.
 Vast Limestone deposits occur in Nalgonda,Suryapet, Vikarabad, Peddapalli, Mancherial,
Komram Bheem & Adilabad Districts. (53) mining leases existing with (21) Cement Plants
established. Large extent of mineral deposits yet to be tapped in Government patta & forest
areas with immense scope for newer cement industries.
2 FOREST TYPE AND ITS ROLE IN
JHARKHAND
 The state of Jharkhand has a unique relation with forests since ancient times. The
word ‘Jharkhand’ connotes area of land covered with forests. Therefore, literally
as well as symbolically, Jharkhand is associated with forests. The ideas of forest
and biodiversity conservation are ingrained in the ethos of the state.
 Nature wears her best clothes in this state. The state is endowed with abundant
mineral wealth, flora and fauna. Rivers like Damodar, Brahmani, Kharkai,
Subarnarekha and so many other rivers are flowing gently adding to the natural
charm of Jharkhand. Jharkhand has proudly emerged culturally as an important
multi ethnic state. Over thirty two indigenous communities exist harmoniously in
Jharkhand such as Santhal, Munda, Oraon, Ho, Paharia, Chero, Birjea, Asura etc.
These communities have several colourful nature friendly festivals like Sarhul,
Karma etc. in which tribals worships and protect trees.
According to India’s State of Forests Report, 2021, the total Forest Cover of the state is
23,721 km2 which is nearly 29.76% of the geographical area of the state.
Source : ISFR - 2021 by FSI

Forest Cover of Jharkhand

Area
Class % of GA
(km2)
Very Dense
2,601.05 3.26
Forest
Mod. Dense
9,688.91 12.16
Forest

Open Forest 11,431.18 14.34

Total 23,721.14 29.76

Scrub 584.20 0.73

%
 District wise Forest Cover in Jharkhand (in km 2)

2021 Assessment
Geo-graphical Change wrt
District Very Dense Mod. Dense %of GA Scrub
Area (GA) Open Forest Total 2019 assessment
Forest Forest
Bokaro 28,83 60.99 231.94 283.07 576.00 19.98 2.45 37.95
Chatra 3,718 244.28 871.73 666.08 1,782.09 47.93 4.74 23.57
Deoghar 2,477 0.00 14.30 191.50 205.80 8.31 2.09 14.04
Dhanbad 2,040 0.00 44.00 174.18 218.18 10.70 4.67 16.05
Dumka 3,761 0.00 259.40 318.23 577.63 15.36 0.32 44.55

East Singhbhum 3,562 54.81 591.69 434.19 1,080.69 30.34 1.31 20.91

Garhwa 4,093 125.14 415.60 890.98 1,431.72 34.98 40.13 44.32

Giridih 4,962 77.16 338.56 490.19 905.91 18.26 4.67 28.92
Godda 2,266 12.81 271.88 138.66 423.35 18.68 0.00 14.27
Gumla 5,360 304.69 585.81 552.65 1,443.15 26.92 0.89 8.25
Hazaribagh 3,555 230.11 348.54 784.54 1,363.19 38.35 10.42 15.99
Jamtara 1,811 0.00 20.84 85.18 106.02 5.85 5.38 5.32
Khunti 2,535 72.97 344.59 496.18 913.74 36.04 8.25 3.11
Koderma 2,540 80.80 494.43 447.82 1,023.05 40.28 -0.42 6.37
Latehar 4,291 480.36 1,308.93 613.75 2,403.04 56.00 -3.30 9.30
Lohardaga 1,502 174.03 218.40 111.99 504.42 33.58 -0.20 7.66
Pakur 1,811 2.96 172.40 111.64 287.00 15.85 -0.13 20.06
Palamu 4,393 62.82 512.73 640.18 1,215.73 27.67 14.95 84.23
Ramgarh 1,341 30.96 109.32 190.98 331.26 24.70 2.26 14.49
Ranchi 5,097 62.89 363.91 741.98 1,168.78 22.93 4.29 27.98
Sahibganj 2,063 17.74 258.73 297.48 573.95 27.82 1.60 47.53
Saraikela-
2,657 22.03 213.84 338.73 574.60 21.63 0.56 21.87
Kharsawan
Simdega 3,774 21.97 343.54 877.89 1,243.40 32.95 2.48 20.28

West Singhbhum 7,224 461.53 1,353.80 1,553.11 3,368.44 46.63 2.32 47.18

Grand Total 79,716 2,601.05 9,688.91 11,431.18 23,721.14 29.76 109.73 584.20
 As per the Champion & Seth classification of the Forest Types (1968), the
forests in Jharkhand belong to two Forest Type Groups which are further
divided into eight Forest Types.
1. Moist Peninsular Low Level Sal
2. Moist Peninsular Valley Sal
For 3. Dry Deciduous Scrub
4. Boswellia Forest
5. Butea Forest
6. Dry Bamboo Brake
7. Dry Peninsular Sal Forest
8. Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest
FOREST TYPE AND ITS ROLE IN
TELANGANA
 Eturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary located in Eturnagaram village
in Mulugu district in Telangana, India. It is located 100 km (62 mi) from Warangal and
250 km (160 mi) from Hyderabad. It is a integrated tribal development town.
 The sanctuary is located near the Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Telangana borders. It is
one of the oldest sanctuaries of Telangana. On 30 January 1952, the erstwhile Hyderabad
Government declared it as a sanctuary because of its rich bio-diversity.
 The land is undulating from steep slopes to gentle slopes from west to east. Three-quarters
of the area consists of a plain while the rest is hilly with many streams and springs. The
Godavari river passes through the sanctuary. The vegetation here is tropical dry deciduous
with teak and other trees of good quality standing 60 ft (18 m) and above. The biennial
festival of Sammakka Saralamma Jatara is held in the sanctuary.[2][3]
Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary

 Kawal Tiger Reserve is a nature preserve located at Jannaram mandal of Mancherial

District (Old Adilabad district) in the Telangana state of India.[1][2] The government of
India declared Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary to be a Tiger Reserve in 2012.[3] The reserve is
the oldest sanctuary in the northern Telangana region of the state. It is well known for
its abundant flora and fauna. This sanctuary is catchment for the rivers Godavari and
Kadam, which flow towards the south of the sanctuary.[4]
Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary

 Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary is a forest located in Bhadradri Kothagudem district,

Telangana, India. The wildlife sanctuary is spread over an area of 635.40 km2 (157,010
acres) with the picturesque Kinnerasani Lake with densely forested islands in the middle
of the sanctuary. It is 15 km (9.3 mi) from the district's headquarters is in Kothagudem
and 25 km (16 mi) from temple town Bhadrachalam.
Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary

 Manjira wildlife sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary and reservoir located in the

Sangareddy district of Telangana State, India.[2] Originally a crocodile sanctuary
developed to protect the vulnerable species mugger crocodile, today it is home to more
than 70 species of birds. The reservoir, located in the sanctuary, provides drinking water
to Hyderabad and Secundarabad.[1][2]
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve

 Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India. The reserve
spreads over five districts, Nandyal District, Prakasam District, Palnadu District,
Nalgonda District and Mahabub Nagar district. The total area of the tiger reserve is
3,728 km2 (1,439 sq mi).[1] The core area of this reserve is 1,200 km2 (460 sq mi). The
reservoirs and temples of Srisailam are major attraction for many tourists and pilgrims.
[2]
It is the largest tiger reserve forest in India and is located inside Nallamala forest
area.
Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary

 Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary is a forest and wildlife sanctuary located 15 km (9.3 mi)
from Medak and 115 km (71 mi) from Hyderabad, Telangana, India.[2] Spanning over
130 square kilometres (50 sq mi), in the districts of Nizamabad and Medak,[3] it was a
former hunting ground of the Nizam that was declared a wildlife sanctuary in the early
20th century. It is named after the Pocharam lake, formed from the bunding of the Allair
from 1916-1922. The sanctuary has an ecotourism center for visitors. It is home to many
species of birds and mammals. The sanctuary is situated 100 km from Nizamabad city.
Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary

 Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife preserve in India located in Mancherial district

of Telangana and is located 10 km from Manthani, 40 km from Peddapalli, 80 km from
Karimnagar and 30 km from Godavarikhani. This riverine forest mixed with teak and
terminalia is spread over 36.29 square kilometres (14.01 sq mi)[1] and is home to
marsh crocodiles from the river Godavari. It also harbours Indian leopards, sloth bears,
nilgai, blackbucks, chitals, pythons, and langurs. The undulating natural terrain adds to
the beauty of the sanctuary.[2] It also has bird species like parrots, peacocks, harpy
eagles, vultures, and the pretty macaws
PAKHAL WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

 he environment of the sanctuary and the Pakhal Lake as an add-on form the most
stunning sight ever. The flora consists of mixed forests, bamboo and teak forests.

The wildlife park’s natural scenic beauty and its breath taking landscape are extremely
captivating. A visit to this promising spot would never disappoint you. The months of
November to June are the best to visit this place.
Pranahita Wildlife Sanctuary

 Pranahita wildlife sanctuary is a protected area located in Mancherial district (Old

Adilabad District) of Telangana State, India.[2]
 This sanctuary is on the bank of Pranahita River, 35 km away from Mancherial town. It
is famous for Blackbuck and over 20 species of reptiles, over 50 species of birds, over 40
species of mammals
3 Flora and Fauna of Jharkhand

 Jharkhand, a name that means ‘the territory of the forest,’ has a large variety and
biodiversity of flora and fauna all over the state. Most tourist attractions are
Jharkhand’s wildlife, its wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and India’s finest bird
sanctuaries. The fauna of Jharkhand has extraordinary and unique variety and
diversity, with almost 200 avifauna found in Jharkhand.
 Having evergreen forests and a large variety of flowers and trees to having animals like
elephants, tigers, bears, wild boar, and much more flora and fauna, Jharkhand has a
special place amongst other states in India. Birds of Jharkhand are of a considerable
variety, having almost 200 varieties of birds, including the world’s rarest to India’s rarest
birds.
 Flora of Jharkhand

 Flora of Jharkhand mainly consists of a dry and deciduous variety of flowers, plants, and trees.
Jharkhand has a semi-arid landscape which is the reason for the shortage of water during the hot
summer months, which causes fauna species to grow with the least amount of water, and thus, new
and unique biodiversity naturally comes into existence.
 Among the various dry varieties of the trees and plants, the fruit which grows is filled with massive
nutrients and antioxidants. Some of the most critical trees in the flora of Jharkhand are sal,
gambhar, jackfruit, Jamun, kendu, shisham, Katha, pesar, lac, mahua, mango, baheda,aasan, and
bamboo.
 A significant part of the tourism in Jharkhand comes only because of the enormous variety of the
flora and evergreen forests in Jharkhand. Flora of Jharkhand, which includes evergreen and semi-
evergreen forest, is scattered along with the Jharkhand, but the majority is found in the
southwestern parts. The rocky hills and valleys are covered with dry, deciduous trees. Chotanagpur
plateaus have many moist tropical forests, the ruling vegetation of Jharkhand.
 The extreme conditions favourable for bamboo growth are found in the ridges in southern areas.
The Palash flowers are bright red pepper in the skyline in the fall season, also known as the forest
fire, another beauty of the flora of Jharkhand.
Fauna of Jharkhand

 Most of the tourism of Jharkhand is because of the wildlife and birds of Jharkhand, with the
wildlife of Jharkhand being the central part of the attraction for the national animal reserves and
the zoological gardens and the sanctuaries. Betla National Park in the Latehar district, over more
than 250 kilometres, has various animals like elephants, bison, tigers and wolves, and many other
fascinating animals.
 Betla national park has much to offer to tourists, from the big mammals to the giants. The wildlife
sanctuary at Hazaribagh also offers the splendid beauty of the wildlife of Jharkhand. Dedicated to
the Situ conservation of wildlife of Jharkhand, they have ten wildlife sanctuaries and one national
park. Jharkhand has wildlife preservation programs for crocodiles (breeding centre), a tiger reserve
project, a natural park at Chakla, and a deer reserve in the Ranchi district.
 A tiger and elephant research for conservation project is going on in Jharkhand under the situ
conservation of wildlife of Jharkhand, which has been the reason for the development of Palamau
tiger reserve and the Singhbhum elephant reserve.
Birds reserve in Jharkhand

 The Chota Nagpur plateau is world-famous for the variety of flora and birds of
Jharkhand. The national bird of Jharkhand, the Koel, is also found in the
Chota Nagpur plateau. A famous bird woodpecker with a yellow crown is found
in the area of Hazaribagh. As Jharkhand wildlife has one of the most
extraordinary biodiversity, many migratory birds have joined the group of birds
of Jharkhand. To name a few, we have Bar Headed Geese from Mongolia,
White Necked Stork, Oriental White Ibis, and Northern Shoveler.
PICTURES OF FAUNA
PICTURES OF FLORA
FLORA AND FAUNA OF TELANGANA

 FLORA:-The forests of Telangana are adorned with

a plethora of tree species, contributing to the
region's rich botanical diversity. Among these,
Tectona grandis, commonly known as teak, and
Anogeissus latifolia are notably abundant and
widely distributed throughout the forests. Teak is
prized for its durable timber and is renowned for its
ornamental and economic value.
FAUNA:-