Name : Numei Wamah

Enrollnent number:9230022021
M.Sc : Microbiology
Subject: Microbial Diversity And
Molecular phylogenetic
Topic : Clostriduim
 Table of Content: Genus Clostriduim
• Taxomy
• Habitat
• Morphology
• Growth and Metabolism Process
• Pathogen
• Prevention or Treatment
 Topic : Genus Clostriduim
• Clostridium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria. Species of
Clostridium inhabit soils and the intestinal tract of animals, including
humans.
• Examples:
• Clostridium perfringens , Clostridium botulinum and
Clostridium tetani.
 Taxonomy
• Domian : Bacteria
• Phylum : Bacillota
• Class : Clostriduim
• Oder : Eubacteria
• Family : Clostridia
• Genus : Clostriduim
 Habitat

• Clostridium species are readily found inhabiting soils and intestinal tracts
of Human.
• Clostridium species are also a normal inhabitant of the healthy lower
reproductive tract of females.
• Most Clostriduim species grow only in the complete absence of oxygen
this made then an anerobic.
 Morphology
• Clostridium is a large genus of obligate
anaerobes belonging to the Firmicutes
phylum of bacteria, most of which have a
Gram-positive cell wall structure.
• The genus includes significant human and
animal pathogens, causative of potentially
deadly diseases such as tetanus and botulusm.
• Species of Clostridium are obligate anaerobe
and capable of producing endospores.
• The normal, reproducing cells of
Clostridium, called the vegetative form, are
rod-shaped (0.6 μm across by 3 to 7 μm
long., )which gives them their name.
 Pathogenes In Human
• Some Clostridium pathogenes that are found in human and effect our heath are.
(Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani).
• C. perfringens is most commonly known for foodborne illness, but can translocate
from a gastrointestinal source into the bloodstream which causes bacteremia.
• Since Clostridium perfringens forms spores that can withstand cooking
temperatures, if cooked food is left standing for long enough, germination can
ensue and infective bacterial colonies develop. Symptoms typically include
abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and fever.
• Clostriduim botulinum Signs and symptom in infant is related to food, such as
honey, problems generally begin within 18 to 36 hours after the toxin enters the
baby's body. Signs and symptom are Difficulty sucking or feeding ,Constipation
Tiredness.
 Growth and Metabolism

Species of Clostridium are obligate

anaerobe and capable of producing
endospores.
They generally stain gram-positive, but as
well as Bacillus, are often described as
Gram-variable, because they show an
increasing number of gram-negative cells
as the culture ages.
Clostridium Endospores have a distinct
bowling pin or bottle shape, distinguishing
them from other bacterial endospores,
which are usually ovoid in shap.
 Treatment
• Most people who suffer from food poisoning caused by C. perfringens
tend to fight off the illness with the need of antimicrobial and partically
penicillin. Extra fluids should be drank consistently until diarrhea
dissipates.
• If C.botulism is suspected, patients should be treated immediately with
antitoxin therapy in order to reduce mortality. Immediate intubation is also
highly recommended, as respiratory failure is the primary cause of death
from botulism.
 Prevention
• Most foods, notably beef and chicken, can be prevented from growing C. perfringens spores
by cooking them to the necessary internal temperatures.
• The best way to check internal temperatures is by using kitchen thermometers. The
temperature that C. perfringens can multiply within can range anywhere from 59 °F (15 °C)
to 122 °F (50 °C).
• After two hours of preparation, leftover food should be chilled to a temperature of less than 40
°F (4 °C).
• Large pots of soup or stew that contain meats should be split into smaller portions and
refrigerated with a lid on. Before serving, leftovers must be warmed to at least 165 °F (74 °C).
• As a general rule, food should be avoided if it tastes, smells, or appears differently than it
should. Food that has been out for a long period might also be unsafe to eat, even if it appears
health .
• Growth of the bacterium can be prevented by high acidity, high ratio of dissolved sugar, high
levels of oxygen, very low levels of moisture, or storage at temperatures below 3 °C (38 °F).
 Growth and Matabolism
• Species of Clostridium are obligate anaerobe and capable of producing endospores.
• They generally stain gram-positive, but as well as Bacillus, are often described as
Gram-variable, because they show an increasing number of gram-negative cells as the
culture ages.
• Clostridium Endospores have a distinct bowling pin or bottle shape, distinguishing
them from other bacterial endospores, which are usually ovoid in shap.
THANK YOU.