Laxminarayan Innovation

Technological University

Topic Seminar on “Waste Cooking Oil as an

Alternate Feedstock for Biodiesel Production ”

Guided by
Head of Department
Presented By- Trupti Rohankar
Oil, Fats & Surfactants
Department of Oil, Fats & Surfactants
Technology
Technology
Dr. V. Y. Karadbhajne
INTRODUCTION :

• Increasing demand for energy production

• As a Alternative– BIODIESEL

• lower emission of pollutants

• Biodegradable
• a higher cetane number than diesel fuel, no aromatics, no sulfur,
and contains 10–11% oxygen by weight
PRODUCTION OF WASTE COOKING OIL :

The Energy Information Administration in the United States estimated that some 100
million gallons of waste cooking oil is produced per day in USA, where the average per
capita waste cooking oil was reported to be 9 pounds The per capita waste cooking oil
production in Canada may be somewhat similar to that of the United States, hence for
this study, it is assumed that the per capita waste cooking oil production to be 9
pounds per year. Statistics Canada estimated the total population of Canada to be 33
million. Hence, the total waste cooking oil produced in Canada could be approximately
135,000 tons/year.
AIM AND OBJECITVE :

• Preparation of Biodiesel

• To analyze the physicochemical properties of biodiesel.

• Biodiesel as an alternative fuel without much alternation in existing

vehicle technologies.
METHOD :

Transesterification :

Transesterification is a chemical reaction where triglyceride is reacted with alcohol

in the presence of catalyst to produce alkyl esters. Biodiesel is produced by the
transesterification process.Every 100 gallons of oil produces about 100 gallons of
biodiesel and 10 gallons of glycerol.
 MATERIALS :

 Waste cooking oil: Diesel has a chain of 11-13 carbons and new cooking oil has a chain
of about 18 but wasted cooking oil which is heated has chains of up to 32 carbons. To
burn in an engine, the chain needs to be broken down to be similar in length to diesel.

 Potassium Hydroxide: It is the catalyst for transesterification and works by cracking the
cooking oil molecules, splitting the triglyceride from the hydrocarbons and shortening
the carbon .

 Methanol: a little amount of methanol is necessary in order to get the highest yield. If
90% yield is obtain that means 90% fatty acids have been eliminated from the cooking
oil.
Preparation of Biodiesel :

• Heat 250ml of the oil at 60° C to remove moisture content, by using

heating mantle
• .Add NaOH into 160 ml of methanol and heat separately. After 15
minutes mix both solutions in a beaker.Add a magnetic needle to the
mixture and place the mixture on the magnetic stirrer + hotplate
and the set the temperature to 60°.
• Start the stirring (800-1000 rpm) and continue for about 25-30
minutes.
• After 30 minutes transfer the mixture into a separating flask and
shake thoroughly. Leave the mixture to settle for 24 hrs at room
temperature to separate the glycerin and crude biodiesel.
• Collect the two fractions in two separate conical flasks.To improve
the quality of biodiesel add equal amount of water into the conical
flask and shake thoroughly and leave the conical flask to settle.
• Decant the water out. This can be done twice if required.
• Conversion efficiency : The conversion of waste cooking oil to ester was monitored and samples were
taken every 5 minutes for 20 minutes, when it was considered that the reaction was completed. The ester
conversion was obtained from the analysis. Duplicate samples were taken and the average result was
plotted Conversion did not improve even after continuing the reaction after 20 minutes. The average
overall conversion achieved was 94.5%.
• Effect of catalyst : Transesterification was carried out using 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% and 1.2% of
catalyst concentration. With 0.4 % of catalyst concentration, no reaction was observed as there
was no separated layer of ester and glycerin. With the catalyst concentration of 0.6%, 0.8% and
1.0%, ester yield were approximately 50%, 94% and 40%, respectively (Figure 2). It was observed
that the ester yield decreased with the increase in sodium hydroxide concentration.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES :

• Cetane number - Cetane numbers are the indicators of ignition properties of the diesel fuel.
The higher the cetane number, the more efficient the ignition is. . Because of the higher oxygen
content, biodiesel has a higher cetane number compared to petroleum diesel.

• Acid Value- It is the number of milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the free fatty acids
present in one gram of fat. It is a measure of the free fatty acids (FFA) present in the fat or oil

• Cloud point - the temperature at which a cloud of wax crystals first appear in the oil when it is
cooled.

• pour point - the lowest temperature at which the oil sample can still be moved.
. From Gas Chromatography
analysis, it was found that the
biodiesel derived from the sample
of waste cooking oil contains oleic
acid (59.7%) followed by linoleic
acid (19.31%), linolenic acid
(6.82%), palmitic acid (5.18%),
stearic acid (2.1%), ecosenoic acid
(1.21%) and rest the others
(4.36%). Biodiesel from the
sampled waste cooking oil
contained the highest amount of
oleic acid among other fatty acids
in the product .
ADVANTAGES :
 Environmental friendly

 Safer than conventional diesel

 Made from waste products

 Renewable fuel

 Low harmfulness

 Nontoxic
 CONCLUSION
In this study, biodiesel was successfully produced using waste
cooking oil by using transesterification. These fuel can be used in
any diesel engine without any modification. It is eco-friendly,
degradable, non toxic and free from sulphur. Biodiesel is clean
burning alternative fuel. It's provide superior lubricating
properties and help to extend engine life.
THANK YOU