INTRODUCTION TO

INFECTION CONTROL

Synergy Hospital Nagpur.

Created By Mr. Brajesh Bhaisare
What is infection control?

Infection control is a series of

procedures and guidelines to
prevent hospital associated
infection. [H.A.I]
Hospital acquired infections
 Acquired by patients during their stay in the
hospital

 Neither present nor incubating at the time the

patient was admitted to the health care facility and
may appear even after the patient is discharged

 Symptoms appear usually 48-72 hours after

admission
 Sources of infections

 Endogenous – due to organisms in own flora.

Eg: group B streptococcal infections

 Exogenous – infections acquired from outside.

(Cross infections/HAI)
-Infected or colonized patients/staff
-Contaminated equipment/ medication
-Environment – surfaces, air, food, water
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 HAI – Why is it a problem?
 Caused by hospital bacteria – Resistant to
commonly used antibiotics
Eg:- MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aurous)
ESBL (Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase)
 Have to use expensive drugs in their treatment
 Duration of infection is usually long
 Higher mortality
 Increased economic burden
 Quality of life
 Pain/suffering/ depression
 Types of HAI
 Urinary Tract Infections
 Respiratory Tract Infections – ventilator
associated pneumonia
 Surgical site Infections
 Septicaemia
 Skin & Soft tissue Infections
 Meningitis -rare
 Causative organisms
Gram negative bacilli- E.coli ,
- Klebsiella spp
- Serratia spp
- Acinetobacter spp
- Pseudomonas spp
Gram positive cocci – S. aureus (MRSA)
- Enterococci (VRE)
Gram positive bacilli – Corynebacteria spp
- Clostredium difficilli
Candida spp
 Factors affecting HAI
 Age – elderly & very young patients
 Underlying Diseases
 Invasive procedures
 Immunosuppression – Cytotoxic drugs
 Trauma , Burns
 Implants
 Routes of Spread of
Infections
 Contact – direct - hands
- indirect via fomites
 Respiratory tract - air born particles <5µ
– droplet particles >5µ
 Faeco–oral – food & water
- poor hygiene
 IV fluids & medications
 Blood & blood products
 Sharp injuries -occupational
 Splashes on to mucus membranes -occupational
How are these infections
transmitted?
H.A.I may be transmitted by
health care workers to patients,
from patient to patient and
from patient to health care
workers.
 Prevention of Hospital
Infections
Many of these infection can be controlled
following a set of very simple practical
guidelines called stranded precaution.

 Elimination of source of infection

 Interruption of transmission
 Enhancing the host ability to resist infection
 STANDARD PRECAUTION
1.Hand hygiene
2.Use personal protective equipment [PPE]
3.Proper cleaning disinfection and sterilization of
patient care equipment.
4.Environmental cleaning and disinfection when
necessary.
5.Proper handling of linen.
6.Proper waste disposal.
7.Proper handing and disposal of sharps.
8.Occupational Health
 SPECIFIC MEASURES
• Facilities for hand washing and drying
• Adequate space
• Ventilation
• Isolation facilities
• Health care workers with out infection.
• Infection surveillance
• Antibiotic policy
• Liaison with infection control team
• Health education of staff, patients and
visitors
 THANK YOU

Mr. Brajesh Bhartey.