CONCEPTS, THEORIES, AND

APPROACHES OF
COLLABORATIVE
GOVERNANCE
COLLABORATIVE
GOVERNANCE -
APPROACHES
COMMUNITY-BASED, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP, MULTI STAKE
HOLDER PARTNERSHIPS, ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE, NETWORK
GOVERNANCE, JOINT COMMITTEES AND TASK FORCE, CO
MANAGEMENT, CONSENSUS BUILDING, E-GOVERNANCE, GLOBAL
GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES
1. COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACHES
A. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

B. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS

IA. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

In the context of local services, community

engagement is a crucial element of collaborative
governance. Engaging with the local community ensures
that services are tailored to the specific needs and
characteristics of the population being served.
IA. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

It is an strategic process to directly

involve local populations in all aspects of
decision-making, policy development and
implementation to strengthen local
ownership, capacities and community
structures as well as to improve
transparency, accountability and optimal
resource allocations across diverse settings.
IA. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

Three types of community engagement:

1. Informative participation
2. Preparatory and planning participation
3. Decision-making participation
IA. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

Benefits of community engagement:

1. Make better decisions
2. Be socially responsible
3. Increase trust
4. Gain a license to operate
5. Successfully manage conflict and negotiate
IA. COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

Effective community engagement can lead to increased trust,

improved decision-making, and the development of solutions
that better meet the needs of the community.
IB. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION
Community Development Corporation (CDC) is a non-
profit organization incorporated to provide programs, offer services and
engage in other activities that promote and support community development.
IB. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION
It can be involved in variety of activities including:
1. Economic development
2. Education
3. Community organizing
4. Real estate development
 IB. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION
GOOD NEIGHBORS INTERNATIONAL
PHILIPPINES
- Good Neighbors establishes Community
Development Project or CDPs in strategic
areas or locations in order to better facilitate
the delivery of programs and services to
geographically isolated communities, areas
that are economically disadvantaged, or those
that have been struck by calamity, disaster or
conflict.
2. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
2. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP)

A public-private partnership (PPP) is a collaboration between a

government agency and private-sector companies for the purpose of
financing, designing, implementing, and operating projects and services that
were traditionally provided by the public sector. PPPs are a way to leverage
the strengths of both the public and private sectors to deliver public
infrastructure and services.
2. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP)

In a typical PPP arrangement, the government and a private-sector

partner form a contractual agreement to share responsibilities, risks, and
rewards for a particular project. The private sector often contributes
financing, technical expertise, and operational efficiency, while the
government provides public oversight, regulatory framework, and may also
contribute funding.
2. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP)

Key benefits of public-private partnerships:

1. Consume less time and improve monitoring
2. Promotes infrastructure development and local development
3. Increase Technical and technological cooperation
4. Provide elastic services reducing service costs
5. Build cooperative growth through private sector integration
6. Risk sharing with private partners
7. Help to lessen public sector budget constraints
8. Promote innovation and creativity
2. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP)
2. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP)
2. PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP)

The key features of a PPP often include risk-sharing, performance-

based contracts, and a focus on long-term sustainability. PPPs are seen as a
way to attract private investment, promote innovation, and improve the
efficiency and quality of public services. However, they also require careful
planning, transparent governance, and effective risk management to ensure
that public interests are protected.
3. MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PARTNERSHIPS
(MSP)
3. MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PARTNERSHIPS

These partnerships often involve government agencies,

businesses, non-profit organizations, academic institutions,
and community groups working together to achieve shared
objectives.
3. MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PARTNERSHIPS

Multi-stakeholder partnerships include collaborations

to address global challenges like climate change, poverty
alleviation, public health, and education.
3. MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PARTNERSHIPS

An example of a multi-stakeholder partnership in

collaborative governance is the Forest Stewardship
Council (FSC).
The FSC is an international non-profit organization
that promotes responsible management of the world's
forests. It was founded in 1994 through a collaborative effort
involving environmentalists, social interest groups,
indigenous peoples, and industry representatives.
FSC has grown to become the world’s most
respected and widespread forest certification system.
4. ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE
4. ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE

Adaptive Governance recognizes the need for

flexibility and adaptability in addressing complex and
dynamic issues. It involves ongoing learning, feedback
mechanisms, and adjustments to governance approaches
based on changing circumstances.
4. ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE

• Flexibility: Being adaptable and open to adjustments in

strategies and actions based on feedback and changing
circumstances.
• Learning and Innovation: Emphasizing continuous
learning and encouraging innovation to address emerging
challenges.
 4. ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE

Adaptive governance might involve the following elements:

• Continuous Monitoring and Data Collection:
• Stakeholder Engagement:
• Scenario Planning:
• Flexibility in Policies and Regulations:
• Learning from Experience:
• Adaptive Decision-Making Processes:
• Investment in Technology and Innovation:
5. E-GOVERNANCE
5. E-GOVERNANCE

In the digital age, collaborative

governance can take advantage of
technology to enhance communication
and collaboration between stakeholders.
E-Governance platforms facilitate
information sharing, public
participation, and decision-making
processes online.
5. E-GOVERNANCE

Four types of e-governance:

1. G2C (Government to Citizens)
2. G2B (Government to Business)
3. G2E (Government to employees)
4. G2G (Government to
Government)
6. NETWORK GOVERNANCE
6. NETWORK GOVERNANCE

This approach involves the creation of networks or

coalitions of organizations, agencies, and individuals with a
shared interest in a particular issue. Network governance
allows for flexibility, information sharing, and joint problem-
solving.
6. NETWORK GOVERNANCE

DIFFERENT FORMS OF NETWORK GOVERNANCE:

6. NETWORK GOVERNANCE

Benefits of Network Governance:

• Synergy: By bringing together diverse expertise, the network harnesses collective
knowledge and skills.
• Efficiency: Pooling resources allows for more efficient use of funds, personnel, and
technology.
• Flexibility: The network can adapt to changing environmental conditions and emerging
challenges.
• Sustainability: Involving local communities ensures that initiatives are sustainable in the
long term.
7. CO-MANAGEMENT
7. CO-MANAGEMENT

Co-management involves collaborative efforts between

government agencies and local communities to jointly
manage and make decisions about shared resources, such as
natural reserves or fisheries.
7. CO-MANAGEMENT

Co-Management of Community Forest

Stakeholders:
• Local Community
• Government Forestry Department
• Environmental NGO
7. CO-MANAGEMENT

Benefits:
• Community Empowerment:
• Sustainability
• Expertise and Resources
• Adaptability
8. CONSENSUS BUILDING
8. CONSENSUS BUILDING

This process emphasizes reaching agreements through

a consensus-based decision-making approach. Stakeholders
work together to find common ground and develop solutions
that everyone can support.
Consensus building is the process of gathering input
from stakeholders to ensure that everyone involved in a
project is in agreement
8. CONSENSUS BUILDING

5 STEP METHODOLOGY:
1. ESTABLISH COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
2. DEFINE EXPECTATIONS
3. DEVELOP DESIGN OPTIONS
4. PRIORITIZATION AND DECISION-MAKING
5. TRANSPARENCY AND COMMUNICATION
9. JOINT COMMITTEES AND TASK
FORCES
9. JOINT COMMITTEES AND TASK FORCES

Governments often establish joint committees or task

forces that include representatives from various stakeholders
to address specific challenges or make recommendations on
particular issues. These groups are typically temporary and
focused on a specific task.
9. JOINT COMMITTEES AND TASK FORCES

EXAMPLE:
• Name: Anti-Illegal Drugs Task Force
• Purpose: The Philippines, like many countries, faces challenges related to
illegal drugs. A task force comprising members from law enforcement, health
agencies, and other relevant sectors might be established to address the issues
associated with illegal drugs. This task force could be responsible for
coordinating efforts to combat drug trafficking, implementing prevention and
rehabilitation programs, and recommending policy changes to address the root
causes of the problem.
9. JOINT COMMITTEES AND TASK FORCES

• Name: Joint Congressional Oversight Committee on the Automated Election

System (JCOC-AES)
• Purpose: In the Philippines, where automated elections are conducted, a joint
committee consisting of members from both the Senate and the House of
Representatives might be formed to oversee and evaluate the Automated
Election System. This joint committee would be tasked with ensuring the
integrity, security, and efficiency of the electoral process, conducting
investigations into any reported irregularities, and proposing legislative
measures to enhance the electoral system.
9. JOINT COMMITTEES AND TASK FORCES

Both joint committees and task forces provide a

mechanism for collaboration, pooling resources, and
leveraging expertise to tackle complex issues more
effectively. The specific examples may vary based on the
country, government structure, or the nature of the challenges
being addressed
10. GLOBAL GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES
10. GLOBAL GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES

In the context of global issues, collaborative

governance may involve international organizations,
governments, NGOs, and other stakeholders working
together to address challenges that transcend national
boundaries.
 10. GLOBAL GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES

• United Nations (UN) Membership: As a member of the United Nations, the Philippines actively participates
in various UN initiatives and adheres to international norms and agreements related to peace, security, human
rights, and sustainable development.
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The Philippines, like other UN member states, has committed to
the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. These goals address a wide range of issues, including
poverty, education, gender equality, health, and environmental sustainability.
• Paris Agreement on Climate Change: The Philippines is a party to the Paris Agreement, demonstrating its
commitment to addressing climate change. This includes efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and
adapt to the impacts of climate change.
• ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations): The Philippines is a member of ASEAN, a regional
intergovernmental organization that promotes economic, political, and security cooperation among its member
states. ASEAN facilitates regional governance initiatives and collaborations on various fronts.
10. GLOBAL GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES

• Global Health Initiatives: The Philippines engages in global health initiatives through partnerships with
organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international health agencies. These
collaborations address issues like disease prevention, vaccination programs, and health system strengthening.

• International Labor Organization (ILO): The Philippines is a member of the ILO, which sets international
labor standards and promotes social justice and fair labor practices globally. The country participates in initiatives
to improve working conditions, protect labor rights, and address issues such as child labor and forced labor.

• Global and Regional Economic Partnerships: The Philippines is part of various economic partnerships,
including the World Trade Organization (WTO) and regional agreements like the ASEAN Free Trade Area. These
agreements contribute to global economic governance and trade cooperation.

• International Financial Institutions: The Philippines works with international financial institutions such as the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to address economic challenges and promote financial
stability.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION

These collaborative governance can be adapted and

combined based on the specific context and goals of the
collaboration. Successful collaborative governance requires
trust-building, effective communication, and a commitment
to shared goals among the participating stakeholders.
REFERENCES

https://simplystakeholders.com/what-is-community-engagement/
https://www.maptionnaire.com/blog/types-of-community-engagement-in-urban-planning